GW-ICC2017:李静:冠状动脉CTO介入治疗之中国专家新观点

2017-10-13 李静 国际循环

冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)成功PCI术后,患者全因死亡率和再次血运重建率可降低。并存非梗死相关血管CTO的STEMI患者如何干预?2017年10月13日,本届GW-ICC 2017上,来自首都医科大学宣武医院的李静教授,对此话题,在“冠状动脉介入新技术论坛”作了精彩报告。

冠状动脉慢性闭塞病变(CTO)成功PCI术后,患者全因死亡率和再次血运重建率可降低。并存非梗死相关血管CTO的STEMI患者如何干预?2017年10月13日,本届GW-ICC 2017上,来自首都医科大学宣武医院的李静教授,对此话题,在“冠状动脉介入新技术论坛”作了精彩报告。

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)是冠心病致死和致残的重要原因之一,急诊再灌注治疗能有效降低其危害。HORIZONS-AMI 及TAPAS亚组分析等多个研究显示,10~15% STEMI患者并存非梗死相关血管(IRA)CTO,即至少有两支冠状动脉闭塞。与单支病变或多支病变无并存CTO的STEMI相比,患者通常年龄较大,存在既往心肌梗死病史,伴有多种心血管危险因素;急诊PCI后更容易出现慢血流和心功能不全。随访结果证实,该类患者急诊PCI后30天死亡率为23%,5年死亡率近50%,成为STEMI的重灾区。

目前,CTO干预策略为急诊开通IRA,挽救濒临死亡的心肌,降低急性期死亡率;择期介入开通CTO,减少远期事件。然而,近年来关于“CTO病变的开通改善硬终点事件”的探讨同样也适用于并存非梗死相关血管CTO的STEMI患者。例如:2016年发表在JACC的EXPLORE研究,该研究中,304例接受急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为CTO-PCI组和保守治疗组(药物治疗),以4个月后的左心室功能为主要观察目标。结果显示,两组患者的左心室功能和临床结局均无显着差异。尽管该研究例数少,随访时间短,但仍为常规干预策略带来了挑战与思考。

李静教授结合临床工作体会,对并存非梗死相关血管CTO的STEMI患者的治疗提出如下建议:

(1)急性期治疗

尽早行PCI开通梗死相关血管,这也是STEMI救治的共识。应该注意的是:①当并存非IRA的CTO时,患者临床情况通常较差,应该及时给予充分的血流动力学支持治疗,包括药物或器械辅助;②术中操作时,最简单的方式完成IRA的开通,减少投照体位、造影剂用量和推注时长;③该类患者急诊PCI时容易发生慢血流,应提前预防;④务必保证侧支循环不受影响;⑤患者围手术期极易发生合并症,如呼吸衰竭、肾功能衰竭等,应该及时多科协作。

(2)择期治疗

对于择期干预CTO病变,主要是基于如下假设:①CTO血管与IRA供血区域毗邻,开通CTO有助于改善梗死边界区域的愈合;②CTO供血区域有存活心肌;③患者能够耐受手术。因此,并非所有患者都能从CTO血运重建中获益。

在决定择期血运重建之前,应充分评价:①CTO供血区域的存活心肌,PET为首选,若无条件可选择其他方式,既往常用的小剂量多巴酚丁胺试验依然具有应用价值;②侧支循环状况,包括数量、来源、分级、位置(存在前向侧支是预后良好的标志);③术中风险,包括患者耐受程度、病变复杂程度等。若适合血运重建(PCI和CABG),建议尽早开通CTO。若暂不适合血运重建治疗,生活方式干预+OMT+心脏康复给予OMT,加强随访和指导,再次评估。

总之,并存非IRA CTO的STEMI患者在临床并不少见,预后相对更差,对于救治环节提出了更高的要求。应依据个体化的原则,选择合理的干预策略,以改善患者的近、远期预后。

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    2017-12-03 gao_jian4217
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    2017-10-15 zhs3884
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    2017-10-15 chenwq12
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    2017-10-13 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.涨知识

    0

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    2017-10-13 有备才能无患

    急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)是冠心病致死和致残的重要原因之一.急诊再灌注治疗能有效降低其危害.

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