太颠覆!协和医院称 近四成致敏药物其实是中药

2016-09-19 汪丹 段文利 生物谷

中国人发生过敏性休克的诱因有哪些?记者从北京协和医院获悉,日前,该院首次发布的中国过敏性休克诱因研究表明,超七成致敏原因是食物,其中以小麦居多。在药物致敏的情形中,中药注射液居首位,占到近四成。水果中桃子最易引发过敏从2000年至2014年的15年间,北京协和医院接诊了全国各地逾千例过敏性休克患者。作为全国过敏性疾病诊疗中心,该院通过对907位患者的1952次休克发作的研究,在国际上首次发布了中国

中国人发生过敏性休克的诱因有哪些?记者从北京协和医院获悉,日前,该院首次发布的中国过敏性休克诱因研究表明,超七成致敏原因是食物,其中以小麦居多。在药物致敏的情形中,中药注射液居首位,占到近四成。


水果中桃子最易引发过敏

从2000年至2014年的15年间,北京协和医院接诊了全国各地逾千例过敏性休克患者。作为全国过敏性疾病诊疗中心,该院通过对907位患者的1952次休克发作的研究,在国际上首次发布了中国过敏性休克的诱因排序,以及在不同年龄段人群中的分布特点,为全球过敏性休克诱因的研究消除了“中国空白”。

总体来看,诱发过敏性休克的原因中,食物占到77%。其中,小麦为元凶,占到总诱因的37%;水果/蔬菜排第二,占到20%;随后是豆类/花生占7%,坚果/种子占5%。专家介绍,最常见的导致过敏性休克的水果为桃子,最常见的致敏坚果为腰果。从发病的严重程度看,小麦诱发了57%的重度过敏反应,而水果/蔬菜类倾向于轻中度过敏反应。

食物诱发过敏性休克常常合并花粉过敏,蒿花粉——食物综合征最为常见。在调料、水果/蔬菜、豆类/花生、坚果/种子所致的严重过敏反应中,合并蒿花粉过敏的比例分别为75%、67%、61%和51%。71%由桃子诱发严重过敏反应的患者对蒿花粉过敏。此外,研究还报告了诱发过敏性休克的中国特有食物及罕见食物谱,比如,菊花茶、牛蛙、野菜、蚕蛹、蝗虫及金蝉等。

小麦制品“面筋”是过敏主因

近年来,食物诱发过敏性休克的发病率逐年上升,引起全球高度关注。据了解,欧美最常见的过敏性休克诱因是坚果、花生、鱼、贝类。美国排在首位的诱因是花生,日韩是荞麦、小麦,新加坡是燕窝。

北京协和医院变态反应科主任尹佳称,成人严重过敏反应的发病率显着高于儿童。68%的严重过敏反应发生在18至50岁,不同年龄段发生过敏性休克的首要原因不同。0至3岁的婴幼儿有62%是因为牛奶致敏,4至9岁的儿童有59%因为水果/蔬菜致敏。而10岁之后的青少年及成人组,小麦诱发过敏性休克的情况跃升首位,且随着年龄增长占比不断提高。比如,10至17岁的青少年过敏性休克由小麦诱发的占到20%,18至50岁人群的这一比例升至42%。

专家推测,国内缺少“免面筋”的小麦制品,以及国人遗传易感性是中国小麦诱发过敏性休克比例偏高的原因。现实生活中,面筋蛋白主要存在于小麦、大麦和燕麦的面粉中,麸质过敏症患者对其十分敏感。

药物致敏中药注射液居首

除食物外,药物也是诱发中国人过敏性休克的重要原因,占到7%。

致敏药物中,排在第一位的是中药,占到37%。清开灵注射液、双黄连注射液、鱼腥草注射液最为常见;排在第二位的是抗生素,占到24%,以青霉素为主;排在第三位的是解热镇痛类药物,占到16%。

记者了解到,注射液可以直接注射入人体的组织、血管或器官内,吸收快,作用迅速。特别是静脉注射,药液直接进入血液循环,出现过敏反应的几率也比口服、外用等方式高。

尹佳提醒,药物诱发过敏性休克虽为“小众”,但随着中国人高血压患病率的逐年提高,阿司匹林又被证实对预防中风、老年痴呆、抗衰老等有明显疗效,预计将有更多人群预防性服用阿司匹林。一旦患者被明确诊断为小麦诱发的严重过敏反应,阿司匹林及解热镇痛类药物是禁止服用的;如因病情需要必须服用阿司匹林或解热镇痛药物,那么小麦类食物必须禁止食用。

另外,运动也是诱发过敏性休克的“帮凶”。研究表明,有39%的过敏性休克发生在运动过程中。其中,食物依赖运动诱发严重过敏的情形占到87%。举例来说,有的“小麦依赖运动诱发过敏性休克”患者,吃面条后如果不运动本可以避免休克,一旦运动则会引发休克发作。

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    继续关注

    0

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    2016-09-19 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389801, encodeId=6fce13898017a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6150359e0f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#协和#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35970, encryptionId=6150359e0f4, topicName=协和)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 05:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450213, encodeId=c081145021349, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=790f359e656' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#协和医院#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35976, encryptionId=790f359e656, topicName=协和医院)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4aee5549395, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 05:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130912, encodeId=a77e13091224, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 16:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130911, encodeId=4de6130911a9, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 16:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130783, encodeId=0ba2130e83bd, content=药物成分不纯的缘故, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 14:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130778, encodeId=6d95130e785f, content=学习啦,,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130779, encodeId=bea7130e7999, content=少用中药,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-19 医路开来

    药物成分不纯的缘故

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1389801, encodeId=6fce13898017a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6150359e0f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#协和#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35970, encryptionId=6150359e0f4, topicName=协和)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e2c92500045, createdName=12498636m49(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 05:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1450213, encodeId=c081145021349, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=790f359e656' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#协和医院#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35976, encryptionId=790f359e656, topicName=协和医院)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4aee5549395, createdName=guguangxiang, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 05:36:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130912, encodeId=a77e13091224, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 16:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130911, encodeId=4de6130911a9, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 16:13:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130783, encodeId=0ba2130e83bd, content=药物成分不纯的缘故, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 14:54:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130778, encodeId=6d95130e785f, content=学习啦,,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=130779, encodeId=bea7130e7999, content=少用中药,,,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-19 医路开来

    学习啦,,,,

    0

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    2016-09-19 医路开来

    少用中药,,,

    0

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