NIH院长:基因筛查发现致病突变毫无意义

2017-08-22 时占祥 全球医生组织

DNA基因筛查结果可以预测某些疾病,特别是与基因突变密切相关的遗传病发病几率。但是,这既不是临床诊断也不能预知何时发病。

“我的基因筛查结果是2型糖尿病高风险,我唯一能做的就是减体重,其他没意义,也无法证明减体重就不得糖尿病。”

美国国立卫生研究院院长(NIH) Francis Collins是著名基因学家,也是国际人类基因组学项目(Human Genome Project)领军人物。他的科学理念成为了奥巴马倡导精准医学动议的起因。

近日他在参加AP-霍华德医学研究院研讨会上,就个人基因筛查问题回答了与会者的询问。这也是我们多数人关注的核心问题:



你做了基因筛查,结果发现基因有可疑致病突变,应对策略是什么?你做什么能改变基因?

为了保障健康,立即戒烟、注意饮食、加强锻炼或改掉影响健康的坏习惯?这样做,就可以避免患上肥胖症、糖尿病、心脏病、甚至癌症了?

Collins院长回答到:不必押赌在基因突变或改变习惯上,这些都没有科学依据的。

包括美国在内,全球越来越多的基因筛查公司提供疾病风险预测。即通过DNA基因筛查预测可能患病几率。

美国一家23andMe的基因筛查公司是第一家直接向普通民众推销基因筛查服务的。他们通过兜售基因检测来帮客户预测得病几率。最初,FDA勒令其停止做不实宣传,后来又准许他们做基因筛查,但是表述预测结果不能直接证明与疾病的关联性。

上月,另一家Helix公司又推出了互联网平台基因检测服务,包括预测一些遗传疾病的发病风险。他们通过与家庭医生或全科医生合作,结合客户病史,更精准地诠释基因筛查结果并给出建议。

的确,DNA基因筛查结果可以预测某些疾病,特别是与基因突变密切相关的遗传病发病几率。但是,这既不是临床诊断也不能预知何时发病。明确致病基因突变仅仅表明个体患此病的风险,诱发患病的影响因素还包括其他方方面面,例如个人生活习惯等等。

从遗传基因与致病关联性看,有些单基因突变或变异诱发的疾病基本明确。更多的疾病是多基因影响而诱发的。每一个单基因突变或变化对促成诱发疾病的作用是微不足道的。

那么,基因筛查公司23andMe提供的基因检查($199美元/例)主要目的是示踪个体基因溯源或“血统”来源,以及测序提示其他个人信息。Helix公司提供一般性基因筛查仅为$80美元/例;针对特异性疾病诱因的基因测序筛查是$150——$125美元/例,两家公司所采用的生物样本均是收集唾液样本。

实际上,筛查了自己基因信息,特别是与某些疾病相关性,即使立即改变个人饮食习惯、增加体能锻炼或戒烟戒酒,注意防晒等等,对于能否降低发病率毫无关系或意义不大。

Helix公司的创始人也坦言:基因筛查信息对于一个人生活习惯改变和患病几率仍无法做出相关性结论。获得自己的基因信息,在临床上指导意义仍不清晰,但是能提高自我教育和健康评估意识。

每个人获得基因测序信息后,是否改变或关注个人生活习惯则取决于自己。Dr. Francis Collins自己的基因筛查后,发现携带诱发2型糖尿病基因高发几率。如果不注意体重,很显然会增加几率,因此,他注意锻炼并成功减重了35磅。

Collins院长也承认:“凡事都有预想不到的情况”或许是在不知情的情况下唤醒了致病基因而得病,或许携带的致病基因或突变本身就难以“复活”,与个人健康毫无关系。有一点可以从心理学上解释,获知自己DNA基因筛查结果后,在保健方面或多或少地改变了自己的行为和习惯。

在目前知识和科学研究范围内,很难有公认的健康行为或习惯,也无法让科学家证明哪些DNA基因改变直接诱发疾病。Collins院长认为DNA基因筛查与疾病发病的相关性无法下结论,这并不奇怪。这并不能反证DNA筛查毫无意义。改变个人生活和饮食习惯本身,或许就是获益。能否完全避免不患此病,那是另外的问题。

总之,DNA基因筛查的真正意义无法用是否预测疾病或降低患病给出结论。但每个人有权和兴趣知道自己的基因信息,这是个人的选择自由。

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    2017-08-24 宋威
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    2017-08-23 明天会更好!

    谢谢分享谢谢分享!!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027769, encodeId=fbf6202e76910, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=617341813de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因筛查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41813, encryptionId=617341813de, topicName=基因筛查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 11:35:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1536915, encodeId=1d83153691521, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dd4128010e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NIH#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12801, encryptionId=2dd4128010e, topicName=NIH)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7cd212750364, createdName=宋威, createdTime=Thu Aug 24 02:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236342, encodeId=9af4236342fb, content=谢谢分享谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Wed Aug 23 10:34:44 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236185, encodeId=f75a236185d5, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 23 06:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236007, encodeId=873a23600e0f, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:15:53 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235998, encodeId=373d235998da, content=正视听, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=88332108530, createdName=1501f82268m, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:12:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235988, encodeId=d184235988c9, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 12:57:30 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-23 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027769, encodeId=fbf6202e76910, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=617341813de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因筛查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41813, encryptionId=617341813de, topicName=基因筛查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 11:35:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1536915, encodeId=1d83153691521, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dd4128010e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NIH#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12801, encryptionId=2dd4128010e, topicName=NIH)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7cd212750364, createdName=宋威, createdTime=Thu Aug 24 02:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236342, encodeId=9af4236342fb, content=谢谢分享谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Wed Aug 23 10:34:44 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236185, encodeId=f75a236185d5, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 23 06:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236007, encodeId=873a23600e0f, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:15:53 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235998, encodeId=373d235998da, content=正视听, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=88332108530, createdName=1501f82268m, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:12:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235988, encodeId=d184235988c9, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 12:57:30 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-22 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027769, encodeId=fbf6202e76910, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=617341813de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因筛查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41813, encryptionId=617341813de, topicName=基因筛查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 11:35:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1536915, encodeId=1d83153691521, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dd4128010e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NIH#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12801, encryptionId=2dd4128010e, topicName=NIH)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7cd212750364, createdName=宋威, createdTime=Thu Aug 24 02:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236342, encodeId=9af4236342fb, content=谢谢分享谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Wed Aug 23 10:34:44 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236185, encodeId=f75a236185d5, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 23 06:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236007, encodeId=873a23600e0f, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:15:53 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235998, encodeId=373d235998da, content=正视听, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=88332108530, createdName=1501f82268m, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:12:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235988, encodeId=d184235988c9, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 12:57:30 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-22 1501f82268m

    正视听

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2027769, encodeId=fbf6202e76910, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=617341813de' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因筛查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41813, encryptionId=617341813de, topicName=基因筛查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e9a6357, createdName=xiangyuzhou971, createdTime=Tue Feb 20 11:35:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1536915, encodeId=1d83153691521, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dd4128010e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NIH#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12801, encryptionId=2dd4128010e, topicName=NIH)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7cd212750364, createdName=宋威, createdTime=Thu Aug 24 02:35:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236342, encodeId=9af4236342fb, content=谢谢分享谢谢分享!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160914/IMG57D82E721DB581755.jpg, createdBy=4fc81933929, createdName=明天会更好!, createdTime=Wed Aug 23 10:34:44 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236185, encodeId=f75a236185d5, content=学习了.谢谢作者分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xJXLtMtt5B40XXuPjn9xn1rBhrM6fHLkX1hI86ZoWoPJkgDkZuJNKkBfBHOcRd1fAdezg7JlHNOokohdAp3WkI/0, createdBy=32c81964262, createdName=1e145228m78(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Aug 23 06:23:21 CST 2017, time=2017-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=236007, encodeId=873a23600e0f, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:15:53 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235998, encodeId=373d235998da, content=正视听, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=88332108530, createdName=1501f82268m, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 13:12:51 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=235988, encodeId=d184235988c9, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Tue Aug 22 12:57:30 CST 2017, time=2017-08-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-08-22 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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