JAMA Int Med:多吃植物油可明显降低个体死亡率

2016-07-07 佚名 生物谷

近日,来自哈佛公共卫生学院的研究人员通过研究表明,大量不饱和脂肪酸的消耗或和较低的死亡率直接相关;文章中研究者对大型群体进行了一项超过30年的研究,他们发现,相比相同热量的碳水化合物而言,大量消耗饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸往往和较高的死亡率发生直接相关,更为重要的是,将饱和脂肪酸饮食换成不饱和脂肪酸饮食或许会带来实质性的健康效益。研究者表示,来自基于植物的食物中的不饱和脂肪酸,比如橄榄油、大豆油和菜籽

近日,来自哈佛公共卫生学院的研究人员通过研究表明,大量不饱和脂肪酸的消耗或和较低的死亡率直接相关;文章中研究者对大型群体进行了一项超过30年的研究,他们发现,相比相同热量的碳水化合物而言,大量消耗饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸往往和较高的死亡率发生直接相关,更为重要的是,将饱和脂肪酸饮食换成不饱和脂肪酸饮食或许会带来实质性的健康效益。

研究者表示,来自基于植物的食物中的不饱和脂肪酸,比如橄榄油、大豆油和菜籽油,来替代饱和脂肪酸食物(比如猪油、黄油等)或许会给个体的健康带来一定效益。文章中,研究人员对126,233名参与者进行研究,参与者每2-4年就会回答相关的调查问题,内容包括饮食、生活习惯、健康状况等,事件持续到32年,随后的研究中研究者对33,304死亡个体进行记录;研究人员检测了参与者饮食中脂肪类型和其总体死亡率之间的关联,同时对因心血管疾病、癌症、神经变性疾病及呼吸系统疾病导致的死亡情况也予以分析。

结果发现,不同类型的膳食脂肪和个体死亡率存在着不同的关联,反式脂肪对个体健康的负面影响最大,甚至多摄入2%的反式脂肪都会增加个体16%过早死亡的风险,而且高水平饱和脂肪酸的摄入往往个个体较高的死亡风险直接相关,当同相同热量的碳水化合物相比时,饱和脂肪酸的摄入每增加5%,个体的总体死亡风险就会增加8%。相反,摄入高水平的不饱和脂肪酸—多不饱和的或单不饱和脂肪酸分别会降低个体11%和19%的死亡率风险,在多不饱和脂肪酸中omega-6主要存在于植物油中,而omega-3主要存在于鱼油、大豆油和菜籽油中。

研究者认为,特殊类型脂肪的健康效应主要依赖于人们取而代之的饮食,举个例子,当人们用不饱和脂肪酸,尤其是多不饱和脂肪酸来替代饱和脂肪酸饮食,或许就可以明显降低人们的总体死亡率,同时也会降低个体因心血管疾病、癌症等疾病的死亡风险。而利用碳水化合物饮食方式替代饱和脂肪酸饮食则仅会轻微降低个体的死亡风险;研究者表示,由于美国人饮食中的碳水化合物主要是精制淀粉和糖类,这或许会同饱和脂肪一样,对死亡风险产生类似的影响。

最后研究者Frank Hu说道,本文研究揭示了利用不饱和脂肪饮食方式替代反式脂肪和饱和脂肪饮食对健康影响的重要性,日常生活中我们或许就应当多用液体蔬菜油类替代动物脂肪油类,从而抵御疾病发生,并且降低机体的总体死亡率。

原始出处

Dong D. Wang, MD, MSc1,3; Yanping Li, PhD1; Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD1,2; Meir J. Stampfer, MD, DrPH1,2,3,4; JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH2,3,4; Eric B. Rimm, ScD1,3,4; Walter C. Willett, MD, DrPH1,3,4; Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD1,3,4.Association of Specific Dietary Fats With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.JAMA Int Med.2016

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JACC:少摄入饱和脂肪酸,冠心病风险大大降低

一项发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》的研究表明,大量摄入饱和脂肪酸会增加民众中风和心脏病发作的风险,且会导致高脂血症。若将不饱和脂肪酸和高质量碳水化合物代替饱和脂肪酸食用,将会对机体健康有积极的影响。 专家建议,饱和脂肪酸提供的热量至多占5-6%。例如,若一个人每日需热量2000卡,则他摄入的饱和脂肪酸提供的热量应不超过120卡,即不超过13克。那么,可替代饱和脂肪酸的健康食物是什么呢?植物油如橄榄油