石墨烯迈向医学领域,拯救帕金森氏病患者不再是梦想

2016-02-11 煎蛋 煎蛋

找出一种方法让电极直接与神经元相连接并且不伤害它们是神经学家们面临的最紧迫的任务之一。解决这个问题可能会对神经系统疾病如帕金森以及恢复截肢患者或瘫痪患者的知觉产生深远的影响。但目前为止由于人类大脑的复杂性和敏感性一直进展缓慢。 然而一支来自意大利里雅斯特大学和剑桥石墨烯中心的研究小组最近在这个问题上取得了重大进展,他们成功的证明了未经处理的石墨烯可以与神经元相连并且不损害其完整性。

找出一种方法让电极直接与神经元相连接并且不伤害它们是神经学家们面临的最紧迫的任务之一。解决这个问题可能会对神经系统疾病如帕金森以及恢复截肢患者或瘫痪患者的知觉产生深远的影响。但目前为止由于人类大脑的复杂性和敏感性一直进展缓慢。

然而一支来自意大利里雅斯特大学和剑桥石墨烯中心的研究小组最近在这个问题上取得了重大进展,他们成功的证明了未经处理的石墨烯可以与神经元相连并且不损害其完整性。

来自意大利里雅斯特大学的Laura Ballerini教授在一份声明中说道:“这是我们第一次将神经元与石墨烯接触。之后我们对神经元产生电信号的能力进行测试,这代表了大脑的活跃程度,发现神经元保留电信号的能力没有发生改变。这也是基于未加处理的石墨烯材料的神经元突触活性的研究。”

团队的研究结果发表在ACS Nano上,里面详细的描述了如何使用老鼠大脑细胞培养物发现未处理的石墨烯材料能与神经元完美的接触。之前曾有研究团队发现处理过的石墨烯(石墨烯通常涂抹在肽、氨基酸链上能够帮助神经元凝聚)可以与神经元相互作用,这与未处理过的石墨烯相比能产生相对较低的信噪比。

石墨烯是一种由碳原子组成的蜂窝状晶格,强度比钢强100倍,相比于其他常用于植入大脑电极的材料如硅和钨石墨烯有许多优点。随着时间的推移因为植入电极疤痕的形成,硅和钨制成的电极通常会损失部分或全部信号。疤痕组织会阻碍部分或全部电信号的传输,所以关键的问题的是如何在植入电极的同时不对神经元造成损伤,电极周围不会形成疤痕。

石墨烯具有良好的导电性、可塑性和生物导电性,并且不会产生疤痕组织,这使它成为制造可植入电极的理想材料。

研究团队在其报告中透露,利用电子显微镜和免疫荧光技术研究石墨烯与神经元相互作用后发现神经元仍然保持健康,没有出现任何会导致疤痕组织形成的不良反应。

里雅斯特大学的教授Maurizio Prato说:“我们正在进行石墨烯材料在生物医学上的研究。在这种情况下,在神经学领域发展以石墨烯为基础的高性能生物材料需要探索石墨烯材料与神经细胞信号之间作用机制。我们的工作只是朝这个方向迈出了一小步。”

研究团队设想石墨烯材料可能对治疗神经系统疾病如帕金森症、截肢或瘫痪病人恢复知觉等产生深远的影响。我们现在知道如何操控电脉冲来控制机械手臂,或者通过感染电信号还治疗运动障碍(如帕金森、癫痫)。现在的困难是要找出一种方法让电极能够操纵这些电脉冲并且在这一过程中不伤害大脑组织。

虽然Prato说这是朝这一方向迈出的一小步,但却是十分重要的第一步。现在这支团队在未处理的石墨烯和神经的相互作用方面取得了成功,希望能够对不同形式的石墨烯进行更多的研究。

来自剑桥石墨中心的主任Andrea Ferrari教授说:“这些结果初步显示了石墨烯材料在生物医学方面的应用潜力。”Ballerini同意这种说法,他补充到:“希望这种具有高灵敏度和较少副作用材料能够成为更好的大脑植入物,能够更好的驾驭和控制大脑。”


原始出处:

Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FH, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SR, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J.Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. Nanoscale. 2015 Mar 21;7(11):4598-810.

Bosi S, Rauti R, Laishram J, Turco A, Lonardoni D, Nieus T, Prato M, Scaini D, Ballerini L.From 2D to 3D: novel nanostructured scaffolds to investigate signalling in reconstructed neuronal networks. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 24;5:9562

Fabbro A, Scaini D, León V, Vázquez E, Cellot G, Privitera G, Lombardi L, Torrisi F, Tomarchio F, Bonaccorso F, Bosi S, Ferrari AC, Ballerini L, Prato M.Graphene-Based Interfaces Do Not Alter Target Nerve Cells. ACS Nano. 2016 Jan 26;10(1):615-23.

Cellot G, Lagonegro P, Tarabella G, Scaini D, Fabbri F, Iannotta S, Prato M, Salviati G, Ballerini L.PEDOT:PSS Interfaces Support the Development of Neuronal Synaptic Networks with Reduced Neuroglia Response In vitro. Front Neurosci. 2016 Jan 14;9:521.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1651520, encodeId=dd78165152033, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6e78e32573c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#石墨烯#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73257, encryptionId=6e78e32573c, topicName=石墨烯)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8db924213398, createdName=yangjxjc, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 17:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=64182, encodeId=0e9f641827b, content=(⊙o⊙)哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=132, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=841a1636000, createdName=lietome1, createdTime=Sat Feb 13 12:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63919, encodeId=e1e56391944, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/12/17/3872cad7a53dc9dcbd08202fb6313cf4.jpg, createdBy=2cb71609450, createdName=KO229256262, createdTime=Thu Feb 11 09:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63869, encodeId=beb063869bc, content=学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=175, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=841a1636000, createdName=lietome1, createdTime=Thu Feb 11 09:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63870, encodeId=c052638e07b, content=希望早日进去临床!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=841a1636000, createdName=lietome1, createdTime=Thu Feb 11 09:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=63871, encodeId=8d32638e13f, content=加油!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=131, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=841a1636000, createdName=lietome1, createdTime=Thu Feb 11 09:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-02-13 lietome1

    (⊙o⊙)哦

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    2016-02-11 KO229256262

    厉害

    0

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    2016-02-11 lietome1

    学习!

    0

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    2016-02-11 lietome1

    希望早日进去临床!

    0

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    2016-02-11 lietome1

    加油!

    0

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Nat Commun:石墨烯大用途——高效高通量DNA测序

近日,刊登在国际杂志Nature Communications上的一篇研究论文中,来自墨尔本大学的研究人员通过研究开发了一种新技术,其可以利用特殊形式的碳来进行实时高通量的DNA测序,该技术或为医学研究和检测带来革命性的进步。 研究者Jiri Cervenka博士表示,石墨烯是一种单原子层的六角形排列碳,其形状类似于鸡爪样,其可以帮助检测组成DNA的四种核酸碱基(A,T,C,G),四种碱基的