Nature Genetics:新发现!先天性心脏病相关基因

2017-10-10 欧阳沐 生物通

NHLBI小儿心脏基因组联盟(PGCG)最新一篇《Nature Genetics》文章报道了一些CHD的遗传致病因素,还揭示了携带这些遗传突变的CHD病例的长期前景。


NHLBI小儿心脏基因组联盟(PGCG)最新一篇《Nature Genetics》文章报道了一些CHD的遗传致病因素,还揭示了携带这些遗传突变的CHD病例的长期前景。

大约每100名婴儿中就有1名患有先天性心脏病(CHD),目前CHD仍是出生缺陷致死的主要疾病。尽管外科手术和护理技术的进步提高了部分婴儿的存活率,但在以后生活中,患儿仍存在心脏并发症的风险,同时伴有先天身体发育不良和神经发育缺陷等问题。

目前人们对CHD的致病相关基因仍知之甚少,为了孩子的健康,婴儿的父母们也迫切需要从医生那里得到CHD风险的相关信息。NHLBI小儿心脏基因组联盟(PGCG)最新一篇《Nature Genetics》文章报道了一些CHD的遗传致病因素,还揭示了携带这些遗传突变的CHD病例的长期前景。

“作为一名医生,我很怕父母询问我们未来孩子的CHD患病风险,此时我不得不对他们说‘我也不知道’,”BWH心血管遗传中心主任、Howard Hughes医学研究所研究员、文章共同通讯作者Christine Seidman医学博士说。“这一发现不仅阐明了心脏建立的生物学基础知识,也具有重要的临床意义:通过突变筛查,我们今后就可以告知患者家属如何处理和管理现有问题风险,定义他们第二个孩子的患病风险。”

本研究由7所学术中心共同承担,采集了2800多个CHD患者和其父母的基因组信息,研究团队报告了几个重要发现:

1. 确定了一些从父母传递给子女的遗传突变(genetic mutations)
  • FLT4基因(一贯被认为导致法洛四联症Tetralogy of Fallot)的单基因突变。
  •  编码肌球蛋白基因突变,这种收缩蛋白在发育过程中高度表达,基因突变会引发约11%肖恩综合征,影响左侧心脏的四个区域。
  • 一些CHD患者与Ashkenazian血统(指源于中世纪德国莱茵兰一带的犹太人后裔)共享同一基因突变。Ashkenazian族儿童如果GDF1基因的两个拷贝携带同一突变,CHD患病风险约为5%,这对Ashkenazian族人儿童CHD风险评估具有直接临床意义。
2. 确定了一些首次出现在孩子身上的新突变(novo mutations)
  • 在CHD儿童患者身上,研究人员发现了许多新基因突变,特别是修饰染色质的基因,在发育过程中染色质呈动态变化。
  • 这些突变最常见的情况是伴随有其他先天缺陷和/或神经发育问题的CHD患儿。值得注意的是,其中许多基因也被证明与自闭症有关,这可能解释了这些患儿先天性神经性疾病高发的原因。
这些发现可用于扩大CHD的基因诊断,提高父母对未来孩子疾病重现风险,以及对CHD患儿长期护理信息的了解。

Seidman指出,尽管研究仍在继续进行中,但已经发现多达400个基因表达与CHD有关,因此建议,测序婴儿的整个基因组可能是一个比较好的特定突变筛选方案。“全基因组测序是鉴定出生缺陷遗传变异的最有效的方式。”

原始出处:

Sheng Chih Jin, Jason Homsy,Samir Zaidi,et al.Contribution of rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands.Nature Genetics (2017) doi:10.1038/ng.3970

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    2018-04-02 canlab
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    2018-05-07 liye789132251
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    2017-12-10 huperzia
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    2018-07-23 cy0324
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    2017-10-12 huirong

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心的形状如一倒置的、前后略扁的圆锥体,如将其视为头部,则位于头顶部、几乎环绕心脏一周的冠状动脉恰似一顶王冠,这就是其名称由来。冠状动脉是供给心脏血液的动脉,起于主动脉根部,分左右两支,行于心脏表面。采用Schlesinger等的分类原则,将冠状动脉的分布分为三型: 1、右优势型;2、均衡型;3、左优势型。本研究旨在评价自导航自由呼吸3D(SNFB3D)全心MRA技术在评估先天性心脏病(CHD)冠状