Transl Psychiat:自闭症或有新疗法

2012-12-13 Transl Psychiat Transl Psychiat

       近日发表于《转化精神病学》杂志[Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e202]的一项临床试验显示:一种通常用于加速排尿的药物改善了自闭症儿童的某些症状。        自闭症是一种以沟通和社交障碍、以及重复行为为特征的神经发育

       近日发表于《转化精神病学》杂志[Translational Psychiatry (2012) 2, e202]的一项临床试验显示:一种通常用于加速排尿的药物改善了自闭症儿童的某些症状。

       自闭症是一种以沟通和社交障碍、以及重复行为为特征的神经发育疾病。研究证实在自闭症中,一种通常抑制神经元活动的神经递质——GABA分子介导的信号发生了改变。这种GABA信号破坏是由于脑细胞中氯离子水平增高所致。

       法国国家生物医学研究部(INSERM)下属地中海神经生物学研究所神经科学家Yehezkel Ben-Ari和同事们猜测,减少氯离子水平或许有助于治疗这种疾病。

       2010年,Ben-Ari和他的合作者报告称在一个为期三个月的试验中,布美他尼(bumetanide)——一种通过阻断离子进入细胞从而降低氯离子浓度的利尿剂——减少了5名幼儿的自闭症行为,且没有造成任何副作用。

       现在,研究人员开展了一项随机临床对照试验以验证早期的研究结果,评估这一药物的安全性。

       他们招募了该研究共纳入60例自闭症或Asperger综合征患者,所有受试者年龄均为3~11岁。随机分配他们在三个月内每日服用1毫克布美他尼或安慰剂。研究人员采用一种标准测量在一个月后再度对他们进行了评估。

       引起研究人员的注意

       从研究的开始到结束,研究人员对孩子们进行了录像,通过独立的评估者检测了他们的行为。同时孩子的父母按要求报告他们所观察到孩子症状严重程度的改变。

       研究人员看到服用布美他尼的儿童自闭症的影响较轻,他们的行为获得了明显的改善。这种药物也似乎安全、耐受性好、副作用小。

       “这一研究是基于一个随机对照设计,它引起了我的注意,”伦敦大学学院从事自闭症研究的认知神经科学家Uta Frith说。

       但她认为药物的效果不大,且安慰剂组中三分之一的人也显示出一些症状改善。她个人认为研究结果显示,疾病症状存在大量的自发性波动,总体趋势是随时间改善。

       神经元和网络

       作者们认为布美他尼可能是一种新型的自闭症疗法,他们的研究结果为开展更大型的实验提供了依据。今年早些时候,Ben-Ari共同创立了一家名为Neurochlore的公司,该公司现在的目标是开发并使布美他尼商业化,成为自闭症的一种治疗。

       但Frith仍持怀疑态度。“我曾经看到许多的自闭症疗法瞬息即逝,新研究留下了许多的问题,例如药物的机制是什么,这一效应是否能够复制?”

       Ben-Ari说:“我们并没有声称我们正在治愈自闭症……但我们希望能够在动物模型和人类中确定神经和网络的运行机制。”他补充说了解这一机制比发现自闭症中的遗传突变更为重要,因为突变并不能“真正告诉我们发生了什么。”




Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synapses and the oscillations they orchestrate are altered in autism. GABA-acting benzodiazepines exert in some patients with autism paradoxical effects, raising the possibility that like in epilepsies, GABA excites neurons because of elevated intracellular concentrations of chloride. Following a successful pilot study,1we have now performed a double-blind clinical trial using the diuretic, chloride-importer antagonist bumetanide that reduces intracellular chloride reinforcing GABAergic inhibition. Sixty children with autism or Asperger syndrome (3–11 years old) received for 3 months placebo or bumetanide (1mg daily), followed by 1-month wash out. Determination of the severity of autism was made with video films at day 0 (D0) and D90 by blind, independent evaluators. Bumetanide reduced significantly the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (D90−D0; P<0.004 treated vs placebo), Clinical Global Impressions (P<0.017 treated vs placebo) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule values when the most severe cases (CARS values above the mean±s.d.; n=9) were removed (Wilcoxon test: P-value=0.031; Student’s t-test: P-value=0.017). Side effects were restricted to an occasional mild hypokalaemia (3.0–3.5mMl−1 K+) that was treated with supplemental potassium. In a companion study, chronic bumetanide treatment significantly improved accuracy in facial emotional labelling, and increased brain activation in areas involved in social and emotional perception (Hadjikhani et al., submitted). Therefore, bumetanide is a promising novel therapeutic agent to treat autism. Larger trials are warranted to better determine the population best suited for this treatment.

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    2013-07-07 bsmagic9140
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    2012-12-14 xiongke014
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    2012-12-14 kcb074

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