Cell:自闭症或与触觉缺陷有关

2016-06-30 赵熙熙 中国科学报

自闭症可能不只是大脑疾病。社交能力可能位于皮肤的深处。日前对小鼠进行的一项研究显示,自闭症或相关疾病患者表现出的社交障碍及高度焦虑可能在一定程度上缘于皮肤触觉神经的损伤。美国《细胞》杂志近日发表的一项研究提出,一些自闭症症状与四肢、皮肤等人体外周神经系统的缺陷有关。 自闭症一般被认为是一种大脑疾病,通常表现为沟通技巧和社会互动中的重复行为和缺陷。但大多数自闭症患者还拥有被改变了的触觉——他

自闭症可能不只是大脑疾病。社交能力可能位于皮肤的深处。日前对小鼠进行的一项研究显示,自闭症或相关疾病患者表现出的社交障碍及高度焦虑可能在一定程度上缘于皮肤触觉神经的损伤。美国《细胞》杂志近日发表的一项研究提出,一些自闭症症状与四肢、皮肤等人体外周神经系统的缺陷有关。

自闭症一般被认为是一种大脑疾病,通常表现为沟通技巧和社会互动中的重复行为和缺陷。但大多数自闭症患者还拥有被改变了的触觉——他们通常对轻触高度敏感,并且对于某些手感不知所措。

美国波士顿市哈佛大学医学院神经系统科学家Lauren Orefice表示:“他们对于社会接触(例如拥抱或握手)非常警惕;如果他们外出并遇到一阵大风,可能会感觉非常不安。”

最近几年,人们对于自闭症患者在感觉方面的缺陷变得越来越感兴趣。最新版本的精神病学“圣经”——《精神病诊断和统计手册》就将自闭症的感觉异常情况作为这种疾病的核心特征。

并未参与该项研究的乔治华盛顿大学认知神经系统科学家Kevin Pelphrey表示:“这是一个很大的进步,并且承认这是自闭症的一个真正重要的方面。”

自闭症也称孤独症,是一类多发于青少年的精神疾病,患者症状包括社交障碍、重复性刻板动作、焦虑、抑郁等,约95%的患者会出现感官知觉异常,最常见的例子是听觉和触觉比一般人敏感,他们会捂住耳朵避免吵闹,不喜欢被触碰。

在新研究中,哈佛大学医学院的研究人员首先通过基因工程技术制造出含有自闭症相关基因突变的实验鼠,但这些突变只发生在实验鼠的外周感觉神经细胞中,结果发现这些实验鼠对外界触碰异常敏感。

然后,研究人员又通过常用分析方法研究这些实验鼠的焦虑与社交情况,结果显示它们不愿与陌生实验鼠交流,焦虑程度增加。

负责这项研究的哈佛大学医学院教授David Ginty在一份声明中说:“有关自闭症的一个潜在假设是它仅仅是一种大脑疾病,但我们发现情况并不总是这样。”

研究人员提出,自闭症相关基因突变导致小鼠外周感觉神经细胞的“音量开关”出现重大缺陷,就好比“音量”被调得很高,导致小鼠的触感被放大,最终造成小鼠的行为异常。这种作用机制可能同样适用于人类,因此下一步他们将研究怎么通过基因或药物手段把上述“音量开关”调回正常水平。

Pelphrey表示,发现自闭症的行为问题与触觉系统功能紊乱有关是令人兴奋的。他说:“它为我们开辟了一条不同的路径,从而思考到底发生了什么。”

原始出处:

Orefice LL, Zimmerman AL, Chirila AM, Sleboda SJ, Head JP, Ginty DD. Peripheral Mechanosensory Neuron Dysfunction Underlies Tactile and Behavioral Deficits in Mouse Models of ASDs. Cell. 2016 Jun 8. pii: S0092-8674(16)30584-0.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869441, encodeId=838418694414a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 06:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959699, encodeId=fb1c195969916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 01:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123708, encodeId=2c16123e08fc, content=关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 18:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92061, encodeId=b2e19206112, content=不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/05/ea53ce4e48bc627a0c8d1ce5486bc3d2.jpg, createdBy=a2661696170, createdName=vcochan, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 00:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91842, encodeId=aa7291842d9, content=很有研究价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Mon Jul 04 08:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527616, encodeId=33d2152e61667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Sat Jul 02 09:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869441, encodeId=838418694414a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 06:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959699, encodeId=fb1c195969916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 01:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123708, encodeId=2c16123e08fc, content=关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 18:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92061, encodeId=b2e19206112, content=不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/05/ea53ce4e48bc627a0c8d1ce5486bc3d2.jpg, createdBy=a2661696170, createdName=vcochan, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 00:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91842, encodeId=aa7291842d9, content=很有研究价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Mon Jul 04 08:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527616, encodeId=33d2152e61667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Sat Jul 02 09:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-28 维他命
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869441, encodeId=838418694414a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 06:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959699, encodeId=fb1c195969916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 01:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123708, encodeId=2c16123e08fc, content=关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 18:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92061, encodeId=b2e19206112, content=不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/05/ea53ce4e48bc627a0c8d1ce5486bc3d2.jpg, createdBy=a2661696170, createdName=vcochan, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 00:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91842, encodeId=aa7291842d9, content=很有研究价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Mon Jul 04 08:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527616, encodeId=33d2152e61667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Sat Jul 02 09:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-12 ylzr123

    关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869441, encodeId=838418694414a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 06:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959699, encodeId=fb1c195969916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 01:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123708, encodeId=2c16123e08fc, content=关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 18:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92061, encodeId=b2e19206112, content=不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/05/ea53ce4e48bc627a0c8d1ce5486bc3d2.jpg, createdBy=a2661696170, createdName=vcochan, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 00:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91842, encodeId=aa7291842d9, content=很有研究价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Mon Jul 04 08:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527616, encodeId=33d2152e61667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Sat Jul 02 09:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-06 vcochan

    不错。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869441, encodeId=838418694414a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Nov 10 06:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959699, encodeId=fb1c195969916, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 01:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=123708, encodeId=2c16123e08fc, content=关注值得学习。赞!好文有待探究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Mon Sep 12 18:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92061, encodeId=b2e19206112, content=不错。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/01/05/ea53ce4e48bc627a0c8d1ce5486bc3d2.jpg, createdBy=a2661696170, createdName=vcochan, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 00:14:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=91842, encodeId=aa7291842d9, content=很有研究价值。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160704/IMG577A7DF6CC7185344.jpg, createdBy=07531689549, createdName=早茶月光, createdTime=Mon Jul 04 08:18:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1527616, encodeId=33d2152e61667, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=68b5863e5d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自闭#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86375, encryptionId=68b5863e5d2, topicName=自闭)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=159511872623, createdName=xiongke014, createdTime=Sat Jul 02 09:47:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-04 早茶月光

    很有研究价值。

    0

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    2016-07-02 xiongke014

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