JNNP:脑脊液β-突触核蛋白作为临床症状前阿尔茨海默病的突触生物标志物

2022-09-14 网络 网络

阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经病理学变化,即淀粉样β(Aβ)和磷酸化tau(p-tau)的脑沉积, 在临床症状表现出现前15-20年开始。 AD的临床前阶段(AD前)确定了那些在认知上

阿尔茨海默病(AD)的神经病理学变化,即淀粉样β(Aβ)和磷酸化tau(p-tau)的脑沉积, 在临床症状表现出现前15-20年开始。 AD的临床前阶段(AD前)确定了那些在认知上仍然未受损但在脑脊液中已经显示AD相关变化的受试者。鉴于早期药物干预的潜在益处,AD前阶段可能是临床试验的最佳时间窗口。因此,描述AD病理生理学中发生的所有现象,包括未在A/T/(N)系统中评估的那些通路,如突触功能障碍,这可能发生在神经元死亡前几年,这是至关重要的。 β-突触核蛋白(β-syn)是突触损伤的一种有前景的候选生物标志物,据报道,其脑脊液水平在AD患者中显著升高,在痴呆(dem-AD)和轻度认知损伤阶段(MCI-AD)的程度相似。在这里,本文旨在调查认知健康受试者(非变性神经系统患者和主观认知主诉受试者)和AD患者(包括AD前病例)的CSFβ-syn水平。鉴于其密切的病理生理关系,本研究将脑脊液β-syn值与α-syn值进行比较。此外评估了神经轴突变性的两种替代生物标志物,即总tau蛋白(t-tau)和神经丝轻链蛋白(NfL)。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

研究队列包括110名受试者(AD n=75,对照组n=35)。AD患者在基线时接受了彻底的神经心理学评估、脑形态成像和腰椎穿刺(LP),作为其诊断检查的一部分。临床痴呆评定量表(CDR)用于评估认知症状的功能影响。基于神经心理学测试和CDR,将AD患者分为三组。AD前受试者(n=17)是指主观认知投诉的个体,其中神经心理学评估不符合MCI标准。对照组(n=35)包括13名不符合MCI标准的主观记忆主诉(SMC-Ctrl)受试者和22名受非变性神经疾病影响的认知未受损患者(Dis-Ctrl,)。作为诊断工作的一部分,在所有对照受试者中进行LP。脑脊液AD核心生物标志物在每种情况下都在正常范围内,因此可以排除AD病理学。在至少2年的随访后,没有对照受试者出现认知障碍。

按照标准化的国际指南,从每个受试者中收集15个10-12 mL的CSF,以离心并储存在−80°直到使用。通过Lumipulse G600-II系统(Fujirebio Europe,Gent,比利时)在佩鲁贾(意大利)测量了脑脊液AD核心生物标志物(Aβ40、Aβ42、p-tau和t-tau)。β42/40、p-τ和t-τ的截止值分别为0.069、56.5 pg/mL和404pg/mL。在Ulm(德国)使用商业α-syn免疫测定法(Euroimmun,Lübeck,德国)和β-syn的免疫测定法分别测定了CSFα-syn和β-syn。CSF NfL定量是在Halle(德国)使用用于ELLA微流体系统的市售试剂盒(Bio-Techne,美国明尼阿波利斯)进行的。

AD患者中的脑脊液生物标志物水平

与对照组相比,AD患者的脑脊液β-syn、α-syn,t-tau和NfL水平升高(所有比较均p<0.0001)。与对照组相比,所有AD亚组(即AD前、MCI-AD和dem-AD)的β-syn和t-tau浓度均显著升高(所有比较均p<0.001)。不同的是,只有AD前期患者的α-syn水平较高(p=0.02),只有dem AD患者的NfL水平高于对照组(p=1.001)。AD亚组之间的脑脊液中Aβ40、Aβ42、p-tau、NfL、β-syn和α-syn水平无差异,而MCI-AD和dem-AD中的t-tau浓度高于AD前(分别为p=0.04和p=0.01)。在AD患者中,脑脊液β-syn与α-syn(r=0.69,p<0.0001)、t-tau(r=1.40,p=0.0004)和NfL水平显著相关(r=2.32,p=1.005)。此外,在AD前期病例中,β-syn与t-tau的相关性优于NfL(r=0.88,p<0.0001;r=0-59,p=0.01)。将对照组分层为Dis-Ctrl和SMC-Ctrl亚组后,发现除Dis-Ctrl中较高的t-tau外,CSF生物标志物水平无差异(p=0.02)。与SMC-Ctrl受试者相比,AD前期的CSFβ-syn和t-tau水平显著升高(分别为p<0.0001和p=0.004)。此外,AD前期病例显示α-syn(p=0.004)和NfL水平升高(p=1.03)。

β-syn正在成为AD中突触损伤的CSF生物标志物,在痴呆和痴呆前期均增加。在本研究中描述的AD患者的所有阶段中CSFβ-syn的显著增加,以及对AD病理学的受试者(甚至在临床前阶段)的识别具有强大的诊断价值。事实上,AD前期患者的β-syn水平升高程度与MCI和痴呆患者相似。AD前期受试者CSFα-syn水平升高,但MCI-AD和dem-AD中没有。虽然α-syn作为突触紊乱的脑脊液生物标志物在AD中被不同程度地报道增加,但α-syn水平降低可能表明存在α-Synucleuropathy。脑脊液中β-syn和α-syn水平的升高可能反映了AD中发生的早期突触功能障碍。

CSFβ-syn在AD患者中从临床前阶段开始增加,是AD突触损伤的一个有前景的生物标志物。

 

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  4. 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  6. 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