Science:组蛋白单点突变可导致罕见儿童癌症

2016-05-16 佚名 生物谷

近日,国际学术期刊Science发表了一项最新研究进展,他们发现一种组蛋白编码基因发生缺陷与儿童恶性肿瘤的发生有关。来自美国威斯康星麦迪逊大学的Peter W. Lewis表示,大多数癌症的发生需要多个突变的共同作用,而他们发现的这个基因突变本身就足以导致形成肿瘤。组蛋白除了用于形成核小体,帮助进行基因组的压缩包装,还在基因的激活和沉默过程中发挥重要作用。有研究发现一些儿科肿瘤中包含高频的组蛋白H

近日,国际学术期刊Science发表了一项最新研究进展,他们发现一种组蛋白编码基因发生缺陷与儿童恶性肿瘤的发生有关。来自美国威斯康星麦迪逊大学的Peter W. Lewis表示,大多数癌症的发生需要多个突变的共同作用,而他们发现的这个基因突变本身就足以导致形成肿瘤。

组蛋白除了用于形成核小体,帮助进行基因组的压缩包装,还在基因的激活和沉默过程中发挥重要作用。有研究发现一些儿科肿瘤中包含高频的组蛋白H3错义突变,但是其中的致癌机制仍然没有得到研究。 

在这项最新研究中,研究人员发现组蛋白突变具有非比寻常的强大致癌能力。Lewis这样说道:“我们每个人都从父亲和母亲那里分别得到15个组蛋白基因拷贝,但谁也没想到组蛋白上发生的单个突变就足以导致癌症。”

在之前的工作中,研究人员发现组蛋白发生突变能够抑制一种叫做PRC2的酶,这种酶本身能够抑制基因表达。但是如果PRC2被组蛋白突变抑制,就失去了抑制基因表达的功能,从而导致基因异常表达。

这项最新的Science研究聚焦在组蛋白H3发生的K36M突变,该突变能够阻断干细胞向软骨,骨和脂肪方向的分化。当研究人员将这种突变插入到小鼠体内,会形成小儿肉瘤(结缔组织发生的癌症),研究人员认为可能是由于K36突变引起干细胞发育暂停所导致。

他们还对人类未分化肉瘤组织进行筛选,结果发现20%的样本中存在相同的K36突变。这表明在小鼠模型上观察到的现象也存在于人类。

这项研究首次证明了单个组蛋白基因突变会足以引起癌症发生,而其他在成年人肿瘤中出现的组蛋白基因突变在儿科癌症中都未出现。研究人员表示对特定癌症类型的深入了解能够帮助进行药物检测和筛选。鉴于组蛋白参与众多生理和病理过程,因此这项研究不仅对癌症研究有帮助,还对深入理解人类发育过程有重要启示。
 
原始出处:

Chao Lu.Histone H3K36 mutations promote sarcomagenesis through altered histone methylation landscape.Science 13 May 2016:Vol.352, Issue 6287, pp. 844-849.

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    2016-09-30 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    拜读,好文

    0

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    2016-05-18 jichang
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    2016-05-18 xqptu
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    2016-05-18 syscxl
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    2016-05-17 qian0416

    学了了,不错的东西

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