临床试验中,安慰剂和阳性对照药的合理选择

2016-03-21 MedSci MedSci原创

临床试验中对照组的设置通常包括五种类型,即安慰剂对照、空白对照、剂量对照、阳性药物对照和外部对照。而对照药分为阴性对照药(安慰剂)和阳性对照药(有活性的药物)。本文根据笔者多年临床试验的经验并结合新药审评的角度,简单介绍在临床试验设计中如何合理地选择安慰剂或阳性对照药物。一、 临床研究中的安慰剂选择安慰剂是一种“模拟”药,其物理特性如外观、大小、颜色、剂型、重量、味道和气味都要尽可能与试验药物

临床试验中对照组的设置通常包括五种类型,即安慰剂对照、空白对照、剂量对照、阳性药物对照和外部对照。而对照药分为阴性对照药(安慰剂)和阳性对照药(有活性的药物)。本文根据笔者多年临床试验的经验并结合新药审评的角度,简单介绍在临床试验设计中如何合理地选择安慰剂或阳性对照药物。

一、 临床研究中的安慰剂选择

安慰剂是一种“模拟”药,其物理特性如外观、大小、颜色、剂型、重量、味道和气味都要尽可能与试验药物相同,但不能含有试验药的有效成份。

安慰剂常用于安慰剂对照的临床试验。因能可靠地证明受试药物的疗效,并可反映受试药的“绝对”有效性和安全性,所以在很多需要证明受试药绝对作用大小的临床试验中选择安慰剂作对照,只有证实受试药显著优于安慰剂时,才能确定受试药本身的药效作用。

有时,安慰剂可用于阳性药物对照试验中。为了保证双盲试验的执行,常采用双模拟技巧,受试药和阳性对照药都制作了安慰剂以利于设盲;另外,在阳性药物对照试验中加入安慰剂,可提高临床试验的效率。

临床研究中采用安慰剂最大的问题是伦理学方面的原因。一般认为,安慰剂适用于轻症或功能性疾病患者。在急性、重症或有较严重器质性病变的患者,通常不用安慰剂进行对照;当一种现行治疗已知可以防止受试者疾病发生进展时,一般也不宜用安慰剂进行对照。一种新药用于尚无已知有效药物可以治疗的疾病进行临床试验时,对新药和安慰剂进行比较试验通常不存在伦理学问题,可以选择以安慰剂作为对照药;在一些情况下,停用或延迟有效治疗不会造成受试者较大的健康风险时,即使可能会导致患者感到不适,但只要他们参加临床试验是非强迫性的,而且他们对可能有的治疗及延迟治疗的后果完全知情,要求患者参加安慰剂对照试验可以认为是合乎伦理的。对新药选择安慰剂进行对照是否能被受试者和研究者接受是一个由研究者、患者和机构审查委员会或独立伦理委员会(IRB/IEC)判断的问题。

另外,在早期脱离、随机撤药试验中也经常选择安慰剂作对照。在随机撤药试验中接受一定时间试验药物治疗的受试者被随机分配继续使用受试药治疗或安慰剂治疗。继续接受药物治疗组和安慰剂组之间出现的任何差异都可以证明受试药的作用。随机撤药方法适合于下列几种情况,首先,可适用于对付复发性疾病发作的药物,在这种情况下,撤药试验实际上是一个防止复发的试验;其次,可用于能够抑制症状或体征的、但难以进行长期安慰剂对照试验的药物,在这种情况下,该试验可确立长期的药物疗效;第三,这一设计可用于确定治疗的持续时间。

因此,临床设计时可根据上述原则,在试验的不同背景、不同阶段选择安慰剂进行对照。通常对化学药品注册分类1、2的制剂,为了确定受试药的绝对作用,常选用安慰剂进行对照;对化学药品注册分类 3、4、5、6的制剂,临床设计时常选择阳性药物进行对照,如果加上安慰剂同时进行对照,则可提高临床试验的效率;在I期临床人体耐受性研究中也常加入安慰剂进行对照。

二、临床研究中的阳性对照药物选择

阳性药物对照试验是将受试药物与已知的活性有效药物进行对照的临床试验,根据试验的目的常分为优效性试验和非劣效性或等效性试验两种。试验设计的关键,是通过阳性药物对照来证明受试药和对照药之间的差别(优效性),或证明两药之间的非劣效性或等效性。

一般而言,为观察受试药物作用是否存在、为比较两种药物疗效和安全性的临床试验中,通常采用阳性药物进行对照。

阳性对照药物必须能被试验所在区域接受,必须是在相关专业领域内得到学术界公认的、对所研究的适应症疗效最为肯定并且是最安全的药物,特别是在最近药典中收载的药物。原则上应选择与受试药有相同结构、相同药理作用、相同作用机制、相同剂型、相同给药途径的已在国内上市的同一类药物。

根据上述原则,对化学药品注册分类6已有国家药品标准的制剂,生物等效性试验的参比制剂应按上述要求选择;对于仿制已在我国上市的进口药品的制剂,不论是生物等效性研究,还是进行随机对照临床试验,其参比制剂或阳性对照药物应为已在我国上市的原发明厂的同剂型进口药;对化学药品注册分类5改变国内已上市销售药品的剂型但不改变给药途径的制剂,不论是生物等效性研究,还是进行随机对照临床试验,其参比制剂或阳性对照药物应为已上市销售药品的原剂型;对化学药品注册分类4改变已上市销售盐类的酸根、碱基(或金属元素)但不改变药理作用的制剂,其人体药代动力学研究和随机对照临床试验的参比制剂或阳性对照药物应为已上市销售的原制剂;对化学药品注册分类3.1已在国外上市销售但未在国内上市的制剂,其人体药代动力学研究和随机对照临床试验的参比制剂或阳性对照药物应选择已在国内上市的同一家族的药物(可以和受试药结构不同,但通常药理作用、作用机制相同或相似);对化学药品注册分类3.2已在国外上市销售但未在国内上市的复方制剂,其人体药代动力学研究和随机对照临床试验的各复方成份的参比制剂或阳性对照药物应选择已在国内上市的各复方成份制剂,且各复方成份剂型应尽可能与复方一致;对化学药品注册分类3.3改变给药途径已在国外上市销售的制剂,其人体药代动力学研究和随机对照临床试验的参比制剂或阳性对照药物应选择已在国内上市的同一家族的药物(可以和受试药结构不同,但通常药理作用、作用机制相同或相似,剂型尽可能与国外上市销售的制剂保持一致);化学药品注册分类1、2的药品,为了确定受试药的绝对作用,通常选用安慰剂进行对照,有时临床设计时用安慰剂+阳性药物对照,由于该类受试药国内外均未上市,因此,阳性对照药物一般选择对该适应症公认的已在国内上市的同一家族的药物(可以和受试药结构不同,但通常药理作用、作用机制相同或相似);新药上市后为了证实对某种疾病或适应症具有优于其他药物的优势,可以选择特定适应症和选择对这种适应症公认最有效的药物(可以和受试药结构不同,不同家族但具有类似作用的药物)作为对照。中药和生物制品可参照化学药品要求选择阳性对照药。

三、临床试验中对于对照选择的考虑

临床试验中对照组选择是一个常见问题,本文简单叙述了安慰剂对照的临床试验的优点,重点阐述阳性药对照的临床试验应关注的问题。

在设计临床试验时,选择对照组常常是一项关键性的决定。这一选择对研究的许多方面都会产生影响,包括:对试验的推理,在研究进行和分析中能最大限度地减少偏倚的程度,被招募的受试者类型和募集的速度,研究终点的种类,研究结果的公众可信度,研究结果对于管理当局的可接受性,以及研究的许多其他特点,包括其实施和解释。

设置对照组一个主要目的,就是可以将受试药物给病人带来的结果(症状、体征或其他病状的改变)与其他因素,如疾病的自然进展、观察者或者病人的期望、其他治疗措施等造成的结果区分开来。

从试验的实施情况看,对照分为历史对照和并行对照。仅在少数情况下,疾病的病程在特定人群中是可以预测的,并且可以使用以往研究过的类似的病人组作为'历史对照'。然而,在多数情况下,需要有一个并行的对照组。

并行的对照组是从与试验组相同的人群中选出的,并且作为研究受试药物的同一个试验的一部分按规定的方法接受治疗。试验组和对照组的所有基线值,以及除了试验治疗外的其他可能影响结果的有关变量都应当相似。达不到这样的相似性就可能在研究中引入偏倚,从而使对治疗结果的估计偏离它的真实值。随机化和盲法是常用的两种技术,用以预防这种偏差的发生,以及保证试验组和对照组在开始研究时彼此相似,并在研究过程中接受相似的处理。试验设计是否包括有这些特性是决定临床试验质量和说服力的关键因素。

四、两种对照(安慰剂和阳性药)特别是采用阳性药作为对照的临床试验需要关注的问题

1、 总体考虑


在临床试验中,选择安慰剂还是阳性药作为对照组,根据临床试验目的、目标适应症人群、临床研究阶段、药政管理当局的要求等而不同。总体来说,在临床试验中选择安慰剂作为对照有许多优点。

首先,对于良好执行的临床试验而言,安慰剂对照试验能够可靠地证明研究药物的疗效,不像非劣效性设计试验,需要引入外在药效灵敏度的假设,以及需要考虑试验的检测灵敏度;其次,安慰剂对照的临床试验能够明确研究药物的绝对疗效;第三,能够较好地区分不良事件是由药物引起还是由于某些潜在的疾病或其他因素造成;第四,具有较高的效率,相对于任何其他并行对照研究相比,它需要的患者样本数较小;第五,可以减少来自于受试者和临床研究人员所期望的疾病改善程度,增加检测研究药物真实疗效的能力。

2、 选择阳性药作为对照组的临床试验需要关注的问题

正如前所述,虽然安慰剂对照有许多优点,但是在有些情况下,安慰剂对照不合乎伦理要求,如对于危及生命的疾病适应症人群,如已经有安全有效的药物,应选择已上市药物作为对照,另外对于治疗慢性病的药物,早期试验周期相对短的试验中,安慰剂对照是可行的,但是在后期试验周期达6个月或者6个月以上的临床试验中,特别是入组有病情较重的患者时,安慰剂对照可能不被医生和患者接受,伦理方面存在质疑。

选择阳性药作为对照的临床试验,可以是优效性设计,也可以是非劣效性设计,而后者由于其研究的特殊性,需要特别谨慎。

在临床试验中,选择阳性药作为对照组,需要关注以下问题:

首先,阳性药应为国家批准上市的药物,其被药政管理当局核准的说明书适应症一般应与研究药物拟定适应症一致。如临床试验拟确证研究药物对糖尿病性神经疼痛的安全性和有效性,阳性药说明书应包含有治疗糖尿病性神经疼痛的适应症。

其次,阳性药的疗效必须是经过充分的临床试验证明了的。即合适的阳性对照药应是当时普遍应用的,如能区分,应为相应适应症的标准治疗药物,对主要疗效指标的治疗效果已经由设计良好并且结果可信的临床试验所确定,可以被可信地期望在认真执行的阳性对照试验中表现出相似的效果。充分的临床试验还意味着该试验中的目标适应症人群应该与拟进行的临床试验中的目标适应症人群具有可比性,还要充分考虑到所研究疾病的临床和统计实践的进展。

第三,阳性药的剂量及给药方法原则上应根据其获准的说明书内容确定,应保证阳性药在拟进行的临床试验中获得满意疗效。如果在目前的临床实际应用中,阳性药的剂量及给药方法不同于说明书内容,在提供了充分的科学依据情况下,可以按照临床实际应用的剂量和给药方法给予阳性药。

第四,在有些情况下,阳性药的疗效不总是能够预期或者说重复,常见于适应症疾病的状态变异性大/安慰剂可能使疾病状态发生实质性的改善或者改变/主要疗效指标客观性不够等,如抑郁、焦虑、痴呆、心绞痛等疾病状态。在这些情况下,药效灵敏度和检测灵敏度对于临床试验的成败都至关重要,应此建议在阳性药对照的同时设置安慰剂对照。。

3、 实例分析

申报单位的临床试验研究资料是技术审评中评价药品安全有效非常重要的证据,在几年的工作中接触到的临床试验资料千差万别。下面用一反一正的两个实例来说明在阳性药对照临床试验中对于阳性药的考虑。

实例分析1,这是一个申请用于乳腺增生引起的周期性疼痛的药物。其临床试验设计为阳性药对照的优效性试验。申报单位选择了一个 国内早年上市的药物,该药物的适应症为乳腺小叶增生辅助治疗,即阳性药没有经过系统的临床试验证明疗效。分析这个实例,虽然阳性药为国家批准上市的药物,但其被核准的适应症并不包括乳腺增生引起的周期性疼痛,因此阳性药对于该适应症的安全性和有效性尚没有得到确证,这种性质的阳性药作为研究药物真实疗效判断的标尺不符合要求,另外没有经过系统的临床试验而获得上市的药物,由于历史的原因虽可能还在临床应用,但作为阳性药是不适合的。

实例分析2,这是一个作用机制为抑制血小板聚集的药物,申请适应症为急性冠脉综合症的治疗。该药物的III期临床设计为与已上市的另一血小板抑制药物(代号A)比较的优效性试验。申报单位全面收集了急性冠脉综合症治疗的有关研究文献,并全面了解了该适应症治疗现状,确定了阳性药选择A药。近年来A药大型临床研究结果陆续发表,进一步证明了在标准治疗的基础上A药对于急性冠脉综合症的疗效,即阳性药在目标适应症人群的疗效有充分的循证医学的证据。

五、 讨论

在临床试验中,选择安慰剂还是阳性药作为对照组,根据临床试验目的、目标适应症人群、临床研究阶段、药政管理当局的要求等而不同。然而在国内的新药临床试验中,阳性药对照的临床试验是临床试验中最为普遍应用的一种,究其原因,申报单位的最常见的解释是出于伦理考虑。其实伦理方面的考虑不应将所有矛头对准安慰剂对照的临床试验,临床试验中伦理方面的考虑应该是多方面的,应从以下方面综合考虑临床试验中伦理问题。

在任何临床研究开始之前,研究药物非临床研究或先前临床研究的结果必须足以证明:药物在所推荐的人体研究中有可接受的安全性。药物的毒性及靶器官明确,在人体有恰当的可操作的保护和解救措施等。

在药物开发的整个过程中,所有动物毒理及临床数据应由资深专家进行综合,必要时对正在进行的研究作及时的、适当的调整,以保证受试者的安全。制定及时终止剂量递增或者制定患者终止治疗的标准。

阳性对照药物应该是疗效得到充分确认当前普遍使用的药物,应该在说明书使用适应症人群、剂量、给药途径、给药间隔、给药周期范围内使用。

对于非危及生命的药物,即使市场有确切疗效的药物存在,但如果从科学上认为有必要采用安慰剂作为对照,且采用后不至于导致延迟危害的情况,采用安慰剂或者在阳性药对照的同时采用安慰剂是可以的。

前期设计良好的试验已证明试验药物无效或者安全性不能接受或者风险利益评估不利于药物,应及时终止研究。

对于危及生命的适应症人群,如市场有疗效确切的药物,应该选择有确切疗效的药物作为阳性对照药,不应用安慰剂作为对照。

安慰剂对照的临床试验有很多优点。当进行阳性药对照的临床设计时,应慎重选择阳性药。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (19)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-23 ms4000001228293911

    总结到位

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-28 zhanglingling4972

    感谢分享~

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-30 唐宋

    很全面的介绍

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-25 amyloid
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-30 lsblb

    好文章!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-22 1de304d2m86(暂无匿称)

    好,学习了

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-22 1de8665bm23(暂无匿称)

    这文章好

    0

  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1196481, encodeId=7b4a11964810a, content=总结到位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3d7d5587029, createdName=ms4000001228293911, createdTime=Wed Feb 23 17:25:42 CST 2022, time=2022-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1003257, encodeId=6741100325e1f, content=感谢分享~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5eca4734508, createdName=zhanglingling4972, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 10:28:54 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=800529, encodeId=1af180052965, content=很全面的介绍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEK4TCMNE8Cb2F7GhEweNlBTGUE3lhqwgrBu9JwHycrribTZRQrwJXBYFXYjSsTGVxmDz5HFguQGEjA/132, createdBy=7ec02576644, createdName=唐宋, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 09:56:44 CST 2020, time=2020-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1775293, encodeId=a9b91e7529341, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=937d46650bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对照#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46650, encryptionId=937d46650bf, topicName=对照)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ae138776909, createdName=amyloid, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=87632, encodeId=5d2c8e63228, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=171, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9f21613855, createdName=lsblb, createdTime=Mon May 30 18:48:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2080398, encodeId=c8fe208039870, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=313d9e50610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阳性对照药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97506, encryptionId=313d9e50610, topicName=阳性对照药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b96f328, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun May 01 22:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1304324, encodeId=34321304324a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81724580886' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#安慰剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45808, encryptionId=81724580886, topicName=安慰剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cce318, createdName=wleon8895, createdTime=Wed Mar 23 04:23:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72663, encodeId=8ebce2663af, content=好,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44b91679772, createdName=1de304d2m86(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72559, encodeId=c285e25590c, content=这文章好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=115b1703046, createdName=1de8665bm23(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Mar 22 08:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=72548, encodeId=528ce2548b1, content=安慰剂的选择, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Tue Mar 22 07:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-22 老段

    安慰剂的选择

    0

相关资讯

Cochrane Library:ω-3脂肪酸有望作为治疗抑郁症的新药物

近年来,由于在既往的研究中发现ω-3脂肪酸能降低心脏病的风险和降低人体胆固醇,目前它已经成为美国最受欢迎的营养补充剂。由于ω-3脂肪酸是天然存在于含油多的鱼类中,包括金枪鱼和海鲜,以及一些坚果和种子。因此,ω-3脂肪酸可以通过饮食来补充。最近,根据Cochrane Library上最新的一篇综述表明,ω-3脂肪酸不仅对人体健康有有益,同时,还有可能对治疗抑郁症有重要的作用。来自英国伯恩茅斯大学的阿

安慰剂效应:不仅仅是安慰,可能具有一定的客观效应

神经科学研究发现,安慰剂效应能启动足够强的生理反应,这些反应和药物产生的效应并没有区别,例如能让帕金森患者大脑释放多巴胺,让疼痛患者大脑释放内啡肽,这恰好是这些疾病药物的作用基础。最近意大利科学家用人体大脑电活动记录的方法,证明帕金森病患者存在确定无疑的安慰剂效应。意大利神经科学家对帕金森病患者的大脑细胞进行训练,利用安慰剂原理治疗该疾病。研究负责人,意大利都灵大学安慰剂效应研究者学Fabrizi

Nature:止痛剂药物研发面临安慰剂效应窘境

制药公司面临一个棘手的问题:目前越来越难从临床试验中发现新的止痛药物,然而原因并不在于药物本身的质量下降。一项临床一期的研究结果显示,对照组的实验结果也变得越来越好,因此难以证明患者的治疗效果是由于药物作用而非安慰剂效应。这一安慰剂效应的严重性是由加拿大的研究者们从美国的一项临床试验中调查得出的,该研究由加拿大McGill大学的痛觉遗传学家Jeffrey Mogil领导。他们发现在这一临床试验中,

Pediatrics:乳酸杆菌治疗儿童腹泻

为了研究每日服用罗伊乳酸杆菌DSM 17938 对降低腹泻频次、持续时间和其他疾病结局的作用,来自墨西哥的研究者对当地4个日托中心对6-36个月儿童展开一项双盲的随机对照研究。总共纳入了所有护理中心的健康儿童,随机分组进行双盲、安慰剂对照研究。其中有168名儿童使用罗伊乳酸杆菌DSM 17938,168名儿童口服安慰剂,研究共持续了3个月,随后进行长达3个月的随访。结果发现,在3个月和6个月时,罗

医生应该多使用安慰剂吗?

近一个世纪以来安慰剂现象一直被歧视,现在正回归于好,由于发现它是可以帮助医生改善其临床治疗结果的一个有利因素。 当然,安慰剂是无效的药片,盐溶液,或虚假的过程,不应该有任何影响。但是过去20年中一系列的研究已经表明,他们实际上有显著的影响,仅仅是因为病人想要服用它们。 许多医生使用安慰剂或安慰剂治疗的实践中,而相比于使用无效的药丸,他们经常用维生素、抗生素、镇静剂、或其他活性成分。这些药丸经常

J Pediatr:乳酸菌有效缓解婴儿肠痉挛

为了研究乳酸杆菌对治疗婴儿肠痉挛的效果,研究者对加拿大的母乳喂养婴儿展开调查,研究发表于近日的J Pediatr。研究者通过随机、双盲、安慰剂对照实验的方法纳入了52名肠痉挛的婴儿。诊断标准是依据了调整后的Wessel准则。纳入研究的婴儿随机接受乳酸菌DSM17938治疗或安慰剂治疗,治疗时间为21天。研究者通过记录下婴儿每天哭闹和烦躁的次数,并且对其母亲进行问卷调查,监测婴儿肠痉挛症状的变化以及