盘点:2017年12月7日BLood研究精选

2017-12-15 zhangfan MedSci原创

2017年12月7日BLood研究精选



【1】封面文章--大西洋盲鳗von Willebrand因子基因功能研究:原发性止血的进化与守恒


脊椎动物的止血过程需要细胞和蛋白质两部分参与。无颌类脊椎动物研究表明蛋白反应在所有脊椎动物中都是保守的,然而关于细胞反应的研究尚不充分。在颚口线虫中,von Willebrand因子(VWF)调节了止血的细胞反应,介导血小板与损伤血管内皮下基质的粘附。研究人员利用大西洋盲鳗模型考察VWF基因的功能。

研究发现,VWF编码单一蛋白,其结构较高级脊椎动物更为简单,缺少在高流动状态下与胶原结合的A3结构域。对盲鳗组织和血液中的免疫组化分析显示,VWF在血管内皮细胞和血小板表达且内皮细胞存在Weibel-Palade小体。VWF在血浆中形成高分子量多聚体,在CHO细胞中稳定转染。功能上,美洲矛头蝮毒蛋白可加速VWF依赖的血小板聚集。

研究认为von Willebrand基因仍保留着5亿年前脊椎动物先祖的基本功能,在不断的进化过程中通过序贯插入功能模块获得了越来越多的功能。

【2】MCL-1在维持小鼠胸腺功能中发挥重要作用


T细胞分化是由胸腺上皮细胞(TEC)调控,是生产和凋亡的平衡过程。近日研究人员对TEC细胞的调控机制进行了研究。

小鼠模型显示,BCL-2 和 BCL-XL在TEC调节过程作用有限,因为MCL1缺陷在胚胎早期即影响TEC功能导致早期胸腺萎缩,T淋巴细胞功能完全丧失,MCL1不影响TEC分化但对皮质和髓质中成熟TEC的存活十分关键。进一步研究发现,表皮生长因子通过MAPK/ERK激酶途径上调MCL-1,是成熟TEC存活的重要分子机制,该途径有望成为胸腺保护与再生新方法。

【3】孤核受体TR4调控红系细胞的增殖和成熟


孤核受体TR4(NR2C2)和TR2(NR2C1)是大分子复合物的DNA结合域,已证实其在成人红细胞生成过程中抑制e-和γ-球蛋白转录。既往研究认为TR2和TR4在红系细胞分化过程中主要是多余的存在。然而,现在研究人员在Tr4突变中发现多个不稳定的渗透性表型,提示突变的间接影响可能被多个修饰基因所掩盖。为验证这一假设,用C57BL/6小时建立Tr4+/-突变鼠模型,对其表型进行重新检测。

研究人员意外地发现纯合Tr4无意突变小鼠在胚胎发育过程中大致在E7.0天停止发育,在红细胞开始生成之前。此外,还发现Tr4+/-小鼠的红系细胞不能完全分化,而且增殖能力减弱。经过对Tr4+/-红系细胞分析发现TR4的减少会导致亚铁血红素合成和红系细胞分化(Alad和Alas2)所需要的基因表达下调,与此同时,增殖抑制因子--细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制剂(Cdkn1c)--表达量显着上调。

上述结果表明TR4在红系细胞增殖和成熟过程中发挥至关重要的作用,提示TR4和TR2在胚胎发育和红系细胞分化过程中发挥独特的功能。

【4】艾曲波帕用于ITP成年患者的长期安全性和有效性评估


II/III期试验中,艾曲波帕治疗后6个月,即可改善慢性/持续性免疫性特发性血小板减少症患者症状,增加血小板计数、减少出血。研究人员进行一非盲的EXTEND研究,评估艾曲波帕用于ITP成年患者的长期安全性和有效性。

共302位患者参与研究,艾曲波帕的中位持续治疗时间是2.37年(2天-8.87年)。第2周时,血小板计数增长的中位值≥50x109/L,并持续贯穿整个治疗期。有259位(85.8%)获得反应(至少一次血小板计数≥50x109/L),133(52%)患者获得持续反应≥25周。

对于血小板计数<15x109/L、已接受过多次治疗和(或)进行过脾切的患者,反应性较低。101位合用ITP治疗药物的患者中有34位至少停用一种药物。1年时,患者出血症状从起始的57%下降至16%。41位(14%)患者因副反应而退出研究:肝胆毒性(7例)、白内障(4例)、头痛(2例)和骨髓纤维变性(2例),其他AEs仅各有1例。在进行治疗的一年里,血栓栓塞(6%)和肝胆毒性(15%)的发生率没有增加。

ENTEND提示长期应用(>6个月)艾曲波帕对于大部分ITP患者可有效维持血小板计数(≥50x109/L)并减少出血。

【5】BCL-2抑制剂Venetoclax用于T幼淋巴细胞白血病患者可获得临床反应


T细胞幼淋巴细胞白血病(T-PLL)是一种罕见的侵袭性T淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤,以现在的医疗水平尚难以治愈,总体存活期短。

在106种FDA批准的现在用于临床的抗癌药或者化合物中,通过对来自于患者的淋巴瘤细胞进行二代功能测试,研究人员找到针对T-PLL患者的新型有效疗法。研究人员发现在86位难治性恶性血液病患者中,与特异性间接体内个性化体外疗法的药物反应相比,BCL-2抑制剂Venetoclax(ABT-199)在T-PLL患者中表现出最强的特异性反应。在机制上,对BCL-2发生反应与BCL-2表达的蛋白相关,但与在淋巴细胞中的BCL-2家族成员MCL-1和BCL-XL无关。BCL-2的表达与MCL-1的表达呈负相关。基于体外反应,将Venetoclax用于两种晚期难治性T-PLL患者,并获得临床反应。

本研究首次证明在体内和体外,单独使用Venetoclax,均可获得治疗效果,为T-PLL患者提供一种新的药物。

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    2018-04-12 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错

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    2018-03-11 1771ae4158m

    学习一下很不错

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    2018-01-10 1771ae4158m

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    2017-12-17 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-12-16 随梦飞扬

    II/III期试验中.艾曲波帕治疗后6个月.即可改善慢性/持续性免疫性特发性血小板减少症患者症状.增加血小板计数.减少出血.

    0

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