JAAD:湿疹系统治疗的网络荟萃分析

2022-01-05 医路坦克 MedSci原创

这篇Cochrane综述不能直接比较传统和新的系统疗法治疗中度重度湿疹的有效性和安全性,但它能够对所有可用的生物制品进行排名。总体而言,dupilumab的研究结果与其他分析的结果是一致的

      中到重度湿疹(特应性皮炎)可能需要全身免疫抑制来实现疾病控制。现有或正在研究的药物包括常规免疫抑制剂(如皮质类固醇、环孢素、甲氨蝶呤、硫唑嘌呤和霉酚酸酯)、小分子治疗(如Janus激酶抑制剂)或生物治疗(如dupilumab、mepolizumab和nemolizumab)。

      Cochrane系统综述和网络荟萃分析比较了湿疹的全身免疫抑制治疗。检索所有语言的数据库至2019年8月。纳入标准为对所有年龄段的中到重度湿疹患者进行免疫抑制/免疫调节治疗的随机对照试验。患者治疗同时使用局部治疗也可纳入研究。只包括了交叉研究的第一部分的数据。主要结果是患者在湿疹面积和严重程度指数(EASI75)、以患者为导向的湿疹测量(POEM)以及严重不良反应和感染方面取得75%改善的比例。在短期(16周)和长期(16周)随访时评估结果。

      74个随机对照试验符合纳入标准,包括接受29种免疫抑制剂治疗的8177名患者。试验期为2周至60个月。几乎所有的试验(74项试验中的73项)都评估了短期结果;不到一半(74项试验中的33项)包括了长期随访。在报告资金来源的研究中,大多数(52项研究中的46项)是制药公司。50%的研究认为存在偏见的风险很高。

     由于纳入研究的数据有限,不可能将传统免疫抑制剂与网络荟萃分析中的新药物进行比较。在生物制剂中,与安慰剂相比,基于高度确定的证据,dupilumab在短期EASI75(风险比3.04;95%CI,2.51-3.69)和诗歌评分的改善(平均差异7.30;95%CI,6.61-8.00)方面显示出最高的相对效果。较长期的影响尚不确定。

    与服用安慰剂的患者相比,服用dupilumab和fevipiprant的患者出现短期严重不良反应的比例较低(低断层确定率证据);其他药物在不良反应方面没有差异。对于长期严重的不良反应和感染,没有不同于安慰剂的干预措施。Dupilumab明显与特定的副作用有关,如结膜炎。纳入试验的特点,如设计的异质性,不良事件的定义,参与者的数量,以及对成人人群的关注,导致了该网络荟萃分析中疗效和安全性的统计分析的局限性。没有进行敏感性分析来确定同期局部治疗的效果,这可能是另一个限制。

     这篇Cochrane综述不能直接比较传统和新的系统疗法治疗中度重度湿疹的有效性和安全性,但它能够对所有可用的生物制品进行排名。总体而言,dupilumab的研究结果与其他荟萃分析的结果是一致的,但这篇综述在使用EASI75(而不是连续评估EASI评分)方面是不同的,而且更全面,因为它包括了所有语言,对随访期没有任何限制。新出现的试验应该允许进一步比较小分子抑制剂和生物制品,但需要直接比较所有系统制剂的随机对照试验。

文献来源:Guo S,  Donaldson M,  Ortega-Loayza AG, From the Cochrane Library: Systemic treatments for eczema, a network meta-analysis,J Am Acad Dermatol 2021 Dec 14;

 

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    2022-05-20 赛华佗
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    2022-05-18 venlin
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