警惕!类风湿关节炎的隐形杀手

2018-11-10 王亚乐 上海岳阳风湿平台

提起类风湿关节炎(简称类风关),很多人第一印象:不就是关节痛吗?不错,类风湿关节炎是一种以关节滑膜的慢性炎症、骨质的进行性破坏以及关节功能损伤为主要特点的自身免疫性疾病。其主要临床表现就是关节的肿痛及晨僵。所以,临床上许多患者难免有这样的疑问:我关节不肿不痛了,为什么还要继续服药?殊不知,类风关除了关节症状外,还伴随隐形杀手---动脉粥样硬化!其动脉粥样硬化给患者带来的危害并不亚于关节症状的危害。

提起类风湿关节炎(简称类风关),很多人第一印象:不就是关节痛吗?不错,类风湿关节炎是一种以关节滑膜的慢性炎症、骨质的进行性破坏以及关节功能损伤为主要特点的自身免疫性疾病。其主要临床表现就是关节的肿痛及晨僵。所以,临床上许多患者难免有这样的疑问:我关节不肿不痛了,为什么还要继续服药?殊不知,类风关除了关节症状外,还伴随隐形杀手---动脉粥样硬化!其动脉粥样硬化给患者带来的危害并不亚于关节症状的危害。

提到动脉粥样硬化,许多人第一时间会想到我们常提起的“三高”---高血压、高血脂、高血糖。的确,高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、肥胖是大家公认的心脑血管疾病的危险因素。但是,长期以来,人们很少会关注类风关引发血管疾病这一点。类风湿关节炎也能引起动脉粥样硬化吗?

目前大量研究表明:

心血管疾病是类风湿关节炎患者死亡的主要原因之一;

与一般人群相比,类风湿关节炎患者心血管事件风险增加48%。

心肌梗死、脑血管事件和充血性心力衰竭风险分别增加68%、41% 和 87%;

随着病程的增加,类风湿关节炎患者心血管风险和心血管死亡率也在增加;

类风湿关节炎大部分心血管疾病均源于血管动脉粥样硬化;

类风湿关节炎患者机体产生一系列免疫代谢紊乱,破坏机体内环境稳态,导致代谢综合征、免疫炎性反应、内皮功能紊乱、氧化应激等损伤的发生,这些均可导致患者心血管疾病的发生。究其原因:慢性炎症是心血管疾病的重要危险因素。因此,坚持长期规律用药,将体内炎症水平控制在正常范围,是避免关节损害和继发心血管疾病的不二法门。

2010年,欧洲抗风湿病联盟提出了类风湿关节炎心血管风险管理的准则,并指出类风湿关节炎是心血管疾病的独立危险因素。

如何早期发现?

颈动脉超声是早期发现动脉粥样硬化的好帮手。颈动脉是动脉粥样硬化最常累及的部位,因其部位表浅,易被体表超声检测,故颈动脉常可作为观察全身动脉粥样硬化病变的窗口。彩色多普勒超声检测技术(B超)对患者的颈部血管内膜厚度进行检查,患者的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)增厚即为颈动脉粥样硬化患者的早期临床表现。

另外,类风湿关节炎患者血脂紊乱:如高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高密度及低密度脂蛋白的异常亦是合并心血管疾病的临床前表现。

如何预防

1.调整生活方式,保持健康的饮食及作息,戒烟限酒、控制体重、锻炼身体、控制“三高”等因素;

2.定期监测,进行风险评估;类风湿关节炎患者应定期进行相关指标的检测,如血沉、C-反应蛋白、类风湿因子等,根据指标情况及时调整用药;

3.长期规范治疗:临床由于治疗不规范如长期只服用激素、“止痛片”或自行停药、自行减药而导致病情延误的情况屡见不鲜。患者需在医生的指导下进行个体化的规范治疗。

因此,对于类风湿关节炎患者,如果出现关节病变以外的不适问题,如:心前区疼痛、气短、胸闷、呼吸困难等症状时应及时正规就医,做到防患未然,对改善类风湿关节炎患者病情及预后有重要意义。

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    2018-11-12 lmm397
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    2018-11-10 医者仁心5538

    学习了

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