益生菌百年发展史（13世纪-今天）

2018-02-15 MedSci MedSci原创

时间、事件 1857年法国微生物学家巴斯德研究了牛奶的变酸过程。他把鲜牛奶和酸牛奶分别放在显微镜下观察，发现它们都含有同样的一些极小的生物——乳酸菌，而酸牛奶中的乳酸菌的数量远比鲜牛奶中的多。这一发现说明，牛奶变酸与这些乳酸菌的活动密切相关。 1878年李斯特(Lister)首次从酸败的牛奶中分离出乳酸乳球菌。 1892年德国妇产科医生Doderlein在研究阴道时提出产乳酸

益生菌，这一概念最早来源于希腊语，意思是“对生命有益”（forlife）。早在远古时代，人类的日常饮食中就已经含有乳酸发酵类的食品了。益生菌补充品已逐渐走入了人们的生活中，作为一种膳食补充品，益生菌实际上是我们身体中肠道菌群的近亲，由包括细菌和酵母菌（酵母菌是单细胞真菌，不是细菌）的各种微生物组成。益生菌补充品的种类很多，包括酸奶、益生菌饮品和膳食补充剂等。到底如何来定义益生菌和它们的作用呢？下面展示两百年来，益生菌发展历程 13世纪：马可·波罗喝开菲尔吗？　　开菲尔　　马可·波罗是威尼斯商人和旅行家，曾在亚洲各地游历探险，在他的游记中提到过富含益生菌的发酵饮料，例如开菲尔（一种发源于高加索山脉地区的发酵牛羊乳饮料）。　　开菲尔据传是诺曼底的牧羊人和旅行者发明的，他们在旅程中用皮水袋携带生牛乳、生羊乳喝，但有时牛羊乳在皮水袋中装久了就会发酵，研究表明这即是开菲尔的由来。　　开菲尔（kefir）这个词语是土耳其语keyif的变形，keyif在土耳其语里的意思是“欢愉”“感觉良好”（喝完开菲尔会有这样的feel）。开菲尔和其他乳制品对健康有益一直作为坊间传言在流传，直到益生菌概念

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2019-05-11 溪雪江上风

多谢，学习了，很详细，清晰！

72 0
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2018-02-21 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

学习了.谢谢分享.

0 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

63 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

0 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

71 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

23 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

40 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

29 0
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2018-02-20 xiaotao112411

学习学习学习

29 0
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2018-02-20 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

学学习了.谢谢分享.

25 0

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