免疫治疗头颈部鳞癌一线长生存数据公布

2020-10-02 医谷网 医谷网

免疫治疗作为近年来肿瘤治疗领域的超级新星,获批的适应证已经覆盖了十余种实体瘤和血液肿瘤。在近期举行的欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)上,免疫治疗更是大放异彩,公布了多项重磅研究长期随访结果。这无疑显示出了

免疫治疗作为近年来肿瘤治疗领域的超级新星,获批的适应证已经覆盖了十余种实体瘤和血液肿瘤。在近期举行的欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)上,免疫治疗更是大放异彩,公布了多项重磅研究长期随访结果。这无疑显示出了免疫治疗为长期生存带来的可能,给学术界和患者带来了新期盼。

除了肺癌和黑色素瘤的长期随访积极结果的公布,头颈部鳞癌也公布了4年生存数据,持续向5年长生存突破靠近。相信在不久的将来,将有一大批癌症通过免疫治疗提高5年生存率,摆脱预后差的“绝症”帽子,其中就有头颈部鳞癌。

为什么是头颈部鳞癌?

头颈部鳞癌是一种具有高度免疫缺陷的肿瘤,而且七成以上患者确诊时已经处于中晚期阶段,肿瘤出现局部淋巴结转移或远处转移,使用手术或放疗的疗效并不理想,5年生存率不足40%。更遗憾的是,局部晚期头颈部鳞癌患者接受标准治疗后,局部复发率约为50%~60%,远处转移复发率约为4%~26%,治疗效果不尽如人意。头颈部鳞癌病理类型为鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌),对常规药物治疗比如化疗敏感程度一般,可能是治疗效果不理想的原因之一,需要更有针对性的新型药物打开突破口。

免疫治疗已经在肺鳞癌、食管鳞癌和头颈部鳞癌中证明了优于标准化疗方案的疗效,陆续获批多种鳞癌适应证,展示了对鳞癌的明显偏好,为鳞癌治疗带来全新曙光。今年ESMO上,KEYNOTE-048研究更新了长期随访4年生存率的全新突破,为头颈部鳞癌患者带来长生存新曙光。

头颈部鳞癌的长生存飞跃

KEYNOTE-048研究是一项III期临床试验,证实了帕博利珠单抗单药和联合化疗两种方案,对比常规治疗方案用于复发或转移性头颈部鳞癌患者一线治疗,都可以显着延长生存期。凭借优秀的数据结果,帕博利珠单抗于2019年6月一举拿下两个FDA批准的头颈部鳞癌一线适应证,也陆续获得了NCCN(美国国立综合癌症网络)指南和CSCO(中国临床肿瘤学会)指南的权威推荐,无论是单药还是联合化疗。

同济大学附属东方医院的肿瘤医学部副主任兼一期临床试验中心主任郭晔教授说:“KEYNOTE-048研究是头颈部鳞癌中一个跨时代的研究,奠定了帕博利珠单抗一线治疗复发转移头颈鳞癌的经典地位。PD-L1阳性(CPS≥20)患者使用帕博利珠单抗的OS明显优于传统的化疗联合靶向治疗方案,一线可以不用化疗。”

毋庸置疑,帕博利珠单抗单独使用可以为头颈部鳞癌患者带来疗效确切、不良反应更低的治疗新选择。在PD-L1阳性人群中,帕博利珠单抗对比常规治疗,总生存期延长了4.1个月(14.9个月 vs 10.8个月),降低了39%的疾病死亡风险;缓解持续时间超过5倍(23.4个月 vs 4.2个月),4年生存率近乎3倍(21.6% vs 8.0%),带来了持续的长期生存获益。帕博利珠单抗相对常规治疗方案,安全性更好,3级及以上不良反应发生率仅为四分之一(17.0% vs 69.3%),患者的使用感受更好。

更令人期待的是,KEYNOTE-048研究中约一半患者接受了后续治疗,而且使用帕博利珠单抗的患者,第二次无进展生存期更长(11.7个月 vs 9.4个月)。意味着头颈部鳞癌患者选择早用帕博利珠单抗,也可以对后续治疗产生增幅,持续获得生存获益,助力长生存。

目前,帕博利珠单抗单药一线治疗头颈部鳞癌的上市申请也已经递交国家药品监督管理局,并被纳入优先审评名单。期待帕博利珠单抗下一个新适应证获批,为中国头颈部鳞癌患者点亮治疗新希望,为漫漫抗癌长路指引前行方向。

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    2021-04-10 ms6000000971452659

    0

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    2020-10-03 wshxjq
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众所周知,化疗、手术等传统的治疗方法,主要利用外力来消灭肿瘤。而免疫治疗,则是通过增强患者自身的免疫应答来抑制肿瘤生长。疾病的发生和免疫力有关,普遍认为免疫力越强,治疗癌症的效果就越好。

于金明:肿瘤免疫治疗十大挑战

肿瘤内科治疗进展的三次革命,依次为以细胞周期为主的化疗,以基因突变为主的靶向药物,以免疫逃逸为主的免疫治疗。免疫治疗在非小细胞肺癌治疗中是全程不可或缺的,但也面临着十大现实挑战。