Stroke:症状性颈动脉狭窄,颈动脉内膜切除术仍然是早期治疗更安全的血管重建方法!

2021-12-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

CEA仍然是紧急时期内最安全的血管重建方法。在48小时以外进行的血管重建手术中,TCAR和CEA的效果相当。

颈动脉狭窄是一个公认的卒中危险因素和心血管疾病标志物。但截止目前,尚未对颈动脉狭窄进行基于人群的筛查试验,因此临床上无症状颈动脉狭窄的最佳治疗方法仍不确定。目前可选方案主要是单独使用最佳药物治疗或与血管重建术(颈动脉内膜切除术或颈动脉支架术)联合使用以预防卒中。

既往试验显示,与单独使用最佳药物疗法相比,血管内治疗长期获益较小,同时还可能带来额外的手术伤害。自2007年以来,美国预防服务特别工作组(USPSTF)一直推荐D级证据,即反对在普通成人人群中筛查无症状的颈动脉狭窄。

近年来,颈动脉血管重建术的进展为有症状的颈动脉狭窄患者带来了可喜的成果。然而,在出现症状后进行血管重建手术的最佳时机仍不清楚。为了比较在最近出现症状后的不同时间间隔内进行经颈动脉血运重建术(TCAR)、经口颈动脉支架术(TFCAS)或颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)的院内效果,来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校血管内外科的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在Stroke杂志上。

这是一项针对美国血管质量倡议患者的回顾性队列研究。纳入了2016年9月至2019年11月期间因症状性颈动脉狭窄而进行的所有颈动脉血管重建手术。手术被分为紧急(最近一次症状后0-2天)、早期(3-14天)或后期(15-180天)。所关注的主要结果是院内中风和死亡。次要结果包括院内中风、死亡和短暂性脑缺血发作。

共纳入18643例血管重建手术。2006例(10.8%)紧急,7423(39.8%)早期,9214(49.42%)晚期。在所有时间队列中,TFCAS患者的卒中/死亡率最高(紧急:4.0% CEA,6.9% TFCAS,6.5% TCAR;早期:2.5% CEA,3.8% TFCAS,2.9% TCAR;晚期:1.6%CEA,2.8%TFCAS,2.3%TCAR)。

在所有3组中,TFCAS与CEA相比,院内中风/死亡的几率也有所增加(紧急aOR=1.7[95%CI,1.0-2.9];早期aOR=1.6[95%CI,1.1-2.4];晚期aOR=1.9[95%CI,1.2-3.0])。在所有3组中,TCAR和CEA的院内卒中/死亡几率相当(紧急aOR=1.9[95%CI,0.9-4]),(早期aOR=1.1[95%CI,0.7-1.7]),(后期aOR=1.5[95%CI,0.9-2.3])。

综上,CEA仍然是紧急时期内最安全的血管重建方法。在48小时以外进行的血管重建手术中,TCAR和CEA的效果相当。

 

参考文献:

In-Hospital Outcomes of Urgent, Early, or Late Revascularization for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis. Stroke. 2021;0:STROKEAHA.120.032410 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032410.

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