AJRCCM:对大环内酯类耐药不能证明肺炎患者预后不佳

2015-03-28 MedSci MedSci原创

背景:关于使用大环内酯类药物在治疗肺炎链球菌肺炎疾病时,患者的临床表现和预后至今在许多研究中尚存在争议。研究方式:我们在西班牙巴塞罗那所有医院中进行了一项回顾性、观察性的研究,研究对象是2000年1月1日到2013年12月31日诊所内所有肺炎链球菌培养结果阳性的成年住院患者。我们观察的主要指标包括患者发生菌血症、肺部并发症、急性肾功能衰竭、休克、转入ICU、需要呼吸机辅助通气的患者人数及比例,此外

背景:
关于使用大环内酯类药物在治疗肺炎链球菌肺炎疾病时,患者的临床表现和预后至今在许多研究中尚存在争议。


研究方式:
我们在西班牙巴塞罗那所有医院中进行了一项回顾性、观察性的研究,研究对象是2000年1月1日到2013年12月31日诊所内所有肺炎链球菌培养结果阳性的成年住院患者。我们观察的主要指标包括患者发生菌血症、肺部并发症、急性肾功能衰竭、休克、转入ICU、需要呼吸机辅助通气的患者人数及比例,此外还有患者住院时间和30天患者死亡的几率。

结果:
在我们调查研究的643名肺炎球菌肺炎肺炎患者中,有139名患者(占22%)对大环内酯类抗生素耐药,但是耐药患者发生菌血症、肺部并发症、休克的几率较低,且很少使用呼吸机辅助通气。我们发现,对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的肺炎球菌肺炎患者发生急性肾功能衰竭的几率、转入ICU的患者人数、需要呼吸机辅助通气的患者人数,患者住院时间和30天患者死亡的几率都未增加。即耐药与否所起的作用对当前治疗方案是否符合当前的指导方针所致的患者预后并没有影响。

结论:
通过实验可以得知,没有证据证明对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的肺炎球菌肺炎住院患者预后不良。因此,我们可以依照常规治疗方案进行治疗,首选青霉素。大多肺炎链球菌对青霉素敏感,使用青霉素G可迅速治愈。若患者对青霉素过敏,可考虑大环内酯类等广谱抗生素药物进行治疗,但要注意的是可能会存在耐药性,因此需要定期进行细菌培养,防止多重耐药的产生。

对于耐药患者应该如何处理?

1、使用抗生素时,根据药敏试验选择敏感的抗生素;
2、不要随意增加药量;
3、感染彻底控制后,应及时停药;
4、身体抵抗力低下时,慎用广谱抗生素。一旦发生了菌群失调,要首先停用原来的抗生素,然后根据病原菌种类改用敏感抗生素控制感染。
5、治疗为主,护理辅助,提高患者免疫力,并且告诫患者勿随意自己服用抗生素,同时医生护士应严格规划抗生素静滴时间。

原始出处:

Cilloniz C1, Albert RK, Liapikou A, Gabarrus A, Rangel E, Bello S, Marco F, Mensa J, Torres A.The Effect of Macrolide-Resistance on the Presentation and Outcome of Patients Hospitalized for Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-04-27 isabellayj
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036657, encodeId=22f8203665ecd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3bde1518863' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RCC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15188, encryptionId=3bde1518863, topicName=RCC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d784426, createdName=isabellayj, createdTime=Mon Apr 27 11:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1691841, encodeId=2fbd16918411b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a450530853c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患者预后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53085, encryptionId=a450530853c, topicName=患者预后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8f4729287700, createdName=bnurmamat, createdTime=Tue Oct 27 23:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=21128, encodeId=337121128fb, content=嗯,医学有时也是两面派,呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K3r6Ir8EADbw8kut6NgpfYKrksLd7rsf9GSZGCUZkpHosu8Jsibzk64KSuO8dFfOW7J5kW4bjib4eI/0, createdBy=d0201619051, createdName=吴颖, createdTime=Tue Apr 14 08:11:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=19187, encodeId=6ebe1918eb0, content=对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的肺炎球菌肺炎住院患者预后不良。因此,我们可以依照常规治疗方案进行治疗,首选青霉素。大多肺炎链球菌对青霉素敏感,使用青霉素G可迅速治愈。若患者对青霉素过敏,可考虑大环内酯类等广谱抗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Tue Mar 31 23:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1490177, encodeId=a75b14901e7c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7eb443e785c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大环内酯类#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43778, encryptionId=7eb443e785c, topicName=大环内酯类)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=061a8702275, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Mon Mar 30 09:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-04-14 吴颖

    嗯,医学有时也是两面派,呵呵

    0

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    2015-03-31 x35042875

    对大环内酯类抗生素耐药的肺炎球菌肺炎住院患者预后不良。因此,我们可以依照常规治疗方案进行治疗,首选青霉素。大多肺炎链球菌对青霉素敏感,使用青霉素G可迅速治愈。若患者对青霉素过敏,可考虑大环内酯类等广谱抗

    0

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