Antimicrob Agents Chemother:如何避免抗生素使用所造成的肠道细菌生态改变

2014-06-18 MedSci 生物谷

近日,克利夫兰凯斯西储大学的研究人员发现,“填充”小鼠胃肠道(GI)拟杆菌属细菌,产生特异性酶,有助于保护好的共生细菌免于受抗生素的有害影响。他们的研究发表在Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy杂志上。抗生素是针对病原体的强大武器,但大多数抗生素在抗击坏的细菌时,也会杀死好的细菌。因此,可能使得患者容易遭受特别是剧毒性,抗生素耐药病原菌的入侵。本研究的新颖之处

近日,克利夫兰凯斯西储大学的研究人员发现,“填充”小鼠胃肠道(GI)拟杆菌属细菌,产生特异性酶,有助于保护好的共生细菌免于受抗生素的有害影响。他们的研究发表在Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy杂志上。抗生素是针对病原体的强大武器,但大多数抗生素在抗击坏的细菌时,也会杀死好的细菌。因此,可能使得患者容易遭受特别是剧毒性,抗生素耐药病原菌的入侵。


本研究的新颖之处在于,这些拟杆菌属细菌产生的酶,即β-内酰胺酶是抗生素耐药性的重要原因,第一作者Usha Stiefel说:有趣的是,这种酶不仅保护产生β-内酰胺酶的细菌,同时也保护肠道微生物细菌种群中的其余部分细菌。

在这项研究中,研究人员建立了肠道中有生成β-内酰胺酶的杆菌种群的小鼠,然后他们给所有小鼠服用头孢曲松(β-内酰胺抗生素)三天,然后口服给予万古霉素耐药肠球菌,或困难肠梭菌(clostridium difficile),这两者都是致命的胃肠病原体。

胃肠道已“填充”杆菌种群(生成β-内酰胺酶)的小鼠保持共生肠道细菌的品种多样,无病原体,而对照组小鼠的共生细菌被抗生素摧毁,有病原体存在。

当患者在医院或疗养院接受抗生素治疗,当他们失去了他们的天然肠道细菌时是加倍危险的,因为医疗机构充满耐药或特别强的细菌,所以患者特别脆弱,他们的肠道易获得这些致病细菌,Stiefel说:由于拟杆菌属细菌,其占大约肠道微生物组的四分之一,在身体别处不存在,研究者认为β-内酰胺酶将不会干扰其它器官系统中感染治疗,如呼吸道,或血液。

我们的研究结果是令人兴奋的,因为其展示了如何有可能在服用抗生素的同时,避免肠道微生物的损失,避免病原体增殖,Stiefel说:例如,β-内酰胺酶可以保护肠道细菌免受全身性抗生素的影响。另外,如小鼠一样,患者的胃肠也可以“填充”抗生素降解菌。但该策略的一个弱点是,虽然此种做法可以防止胃肠道获得感染,例如困难肠梭菌(clostridium difficile)感染,但它不能被用来对抗这种感染。困难肠梭菌是由于抗生素的使用过程中造成肠胃道细菌的生态改变所引起。

粪便菌群移植成功治疗艰难梭菌结肠炎,最好地证实了一个完整且多样化的微生物的重要性。如果你有一个完整的肠道微生物组,您将能抵抗多种类型的感染。Stiefel说:如果我们能找到办法保全正在接受抗生素治疗的住院患者的肠道微生物,就可以来防止大量院内感染。

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    2015-02-04 grace5700
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    2014-09-19 xjy02
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    2014-08-03 仁医06
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