血一般的教训!这十句话医生理想别说!

2018-02-21 王岳 人民网―生命时报

结合临床实际情况来看,这10句习惯用语是医生最应避开的!

医学先驱希波克拉底曾说过,医生有3件法宝——语言、药物、手术刀。世界医学教育联合会早在1989年发布的《福冈宣言》中就指出:“所有医生都必须学会交流和人际关系的技能。”不可否认,医患纠纷与沟通不当密不可分,一句话说得不合适,可能就会拉大医患间的心理距离。近年来,各大医学院校纷纷开设“医患沟通”课程,结合临床实际情况来看,有10句习惯用语是医生最应避开的。

第一句:你怎么了?

不少医生以这句话作为开场白,认为再寻常不过了,然而在患者听来,似乎难以感受到医者的温度。如果能换成“我能帮你什么呢?”效果会大不一样。

此外,“不急着打断患者”也是一个有效的沟通技巧和基本礼仪。美国哈佛医学院的杰若·古柏曼教授在《医生如何想》一书中指出,美国居高不下的误诊率和首诊时间有关,病人陈述病情时,通常在18秒内就会被医生打断。由于时间仓促或思路出了差错,即使再好的医生,也可能出现15%的误诊,建议先让患者讲1~2分钟。也许有人会质疑在现有医疗条件下,大医院的医生根本没有那么多时间听患者自述。事实上,会管理时间、把事情按照重要程度做出正确的顺序排位,也是医生应该具备的一项重要本领。随着医联体的形成、医疗下沉到基层,三甲医院的医生应该把看病速度放慢,学会“变速看病”,即对于首诊、理解能力差、爱刨根问底的病人放慢速度,让他们对病情“知其然还要知其所以然”,这样患者就更愿意听从医生的指导,快速完成诊疗

第二句:没看到我正忙吗?外面等着!

诚然,部分医院就诊秩序混乱,很多患者或家属不排队,一窝蜂地挤在诊室里,甚至大声喧哗、打电话。这不仅干扰诊病的思路,还影响医患的心情。对此,希波克拉底说,应像尊敬自己的父母一样,尊敬那些传授我行医之术的老师——患者。医生要先学会尊重患者,才能赢得患者的尊重与信任。遇到加塞的患者,不妨严肃而客气地告诉他:“请你先去门外等一下,我给这位患者看完病就叫你,谢谢。”北京儿童医院的胡亚美院士有个好习惯:看完一个病人后,起身把孩子和家长送到门口,再叫下一位病人进诊室。这样做既让患者感受到尊重,也不会因久坐而伤身,值得医生们学习。医院方面,要加强管理水平,通过叫号系统、遥控碰锁、免打扰提示牌、严格施行实名制、增加义工等手段维持就诊秩序。

第三句:我不管这事(我不是你的主管医生),你找别人问去。

一句推脱的话,可能让患者跑很多冤枉路,甚至耽误治疗,严重影响就医体验。这些小细节引发的怨气、怒气可能会在患者心中积蓄下来,最终一股脑地发泄给医务人员,酿成大祸。勿以善小而不为,医务人员要有帮助患者的服务意识和团队意识,遇到挂错号的患者可以说:“别急,我帮你问问负责这件事的医生。”

第四句:别问了,不可能。

当患者询问何时能做检查、出院、手术时,“不知道”“没办法”“不可能”“做不到”等冷漠粗暴的词语,会让患者觉得自己不被关心,进而信任度和治疗依从性降低,给医患交流带来麻烦。这种情况可以回答“我帮你问一下”或“我看看能不能帮您尽量加快些”。

第五句:你是医生还是我是医生?你如果不信我,就别找我看病了。

随着移动互联网的普及和患者受教育水平的不断提升,医务人员对专业知识垄断的时代结束了,学习型病人越来越多。医生应改变传统的“家父式医患关系”(医生的身份使其具有不可撼动的绝对权威,在此基础上与患者形成信任),而要转变为“朋友型医患关系”。比如,患者指出“激素治疗有副作用,我不想用”时,医生可以好好解释:“所有药物都有副作用。我会根据你的病情,严格控制剂量。”

第六句:说了你也不懂,你照我说的做就行了。

对“一问三不知”的患者,医生不要苛求改变他们,更不应抱怨患者什么都不懂,应该积极运用器官模型、录像、动画、应用软件等进行患者教育,缩小医患间对于治疗的认知差距,避免出现误解。北京儿童医院的张金哲院士每次出门诊,白大褂口袋里都塞满了小纸条,写着小儿常见病的症状、治疗要点、注意事项等,方便家长了解孩子病情。

第七句:我该说的都说了,你想怎么治?

近年来,为了减少医疗纠纷和医患冲突,个别医生和医院采取“消极保护”的态度应对。有的甚至将《手术同意书》改为《手术志愿书》,患者签字栏几乎都以“要求”二字开头,如“要求切除双侧卵巢”“要求输血小板”等。事实上,这不能减轻医生对患者应尽的法律责任,反而会让医患关系更趋于对立、疏远。医生有义务向病人推荐最适合的治疗方案。有一些聪明的患者会问医生“如果是你,你怎么选择治疗方案”,这也是医生应该设身处地思考的:如果给自己的亲人治疗,我会如何推荐治疗方案?

第八句:这手术非常简单,没什么风险,术后肯定会比现在好。

这是另一个极端。医生的告知一定要客观,只能对治疗手段和成功率做出承诺,不能对结果做承诺,否则一旦结果不佳,很容易让患者或家属感到“被欺骗”,进而激化矛盾,引发纠纷。医生不妨说:“这个手术确实不属于高难度手术,文献上的成功率达到百分之七八十,我们科也开展很多年了。但任何手术都存在一定风险,医生是不能保证手术最终结果的。我们一定会尽全力,努力争取一个最好的结果。”

第九句:你怎么不早点来,不然也不至于这样。

这类话都带着责备的语气,难以给患者带来希望。医生应从帮助患者的视角来履行职责,给患者带来希望和心理抚慰,告诉他“你的病情确实比较重,但你放心,我会尽全力帮助你”。这样患者才能感受到医生与自己共进退。美国首位分离结核杆菌的医生特鲁多,在自己的墓碑上写着这样一段话:“有时能治愈,常常在帮助,总是去安慰。”意思就是,医学的最大价值不是治愈疾病,而是安慰和帮助患者。

第十句:这个医生怎么能这样!

有的医生习惯对患者过去的诊疗经历和同行的医疗行为作评价。一方面,同行之间要坚持平等、公正的原则,不应诋毁或损害同行的工作与声誉。另一方面,对着患者抨击为其诊疗过的医生,会损害患者对医生的信任度,影响今后的治疗,百害而无一利。如果患者之前的诊疗有问题,应该这样说:“我不清楚其他医生的治疗是在怎样的情况下做出的,所以不能草率地评价医疗细节,但是我会尽力帮你完成后续治疗。”

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    2018-04-18 荒郊野树

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    2018-04-17 荒郊野树

    学习

    0

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    2018-02-22 海之蓝

    学习

    0

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    2018-02-22 chunjianf

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-02-22 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-02-21 有备才能无患

    医学先驱希波克拉底曾说过.医生有3件法宝--语言.药物.手术刀.世界医学教育联合会早在1989年发布的<福冈宣言>中就指出:[所有医生都必须学会交流和人际关系的技能."不可否认.医患**与沟通不当密不可分.一句话说得不合适.可能就会拉大医患间的心理距离.近年来.各大医学院校纷纷开设[医患沟通"课程.结合临床实际情况来看.有10句习惯用语是医生最应避开的.

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