听说“负热量”食物减肥效果好,2022年要不要试试?

2022-02-06 中国生物技术网 中国生物技术网

负热量食物并不是减肥并长期保持体重的捷径之路,与单纯的短期节食相比,永久性地选择更健康的饮食将更有助于长期减肥和身体健康。

现如今,越来越多的人在不受控制地变得越发“膨胀”。在世界范围内,数以亿计的成人和儿童已被临床诊断为肥胖。“五人行,必有俩胖子”就是当前全球人口的现状。与此同时,互联网成了公众获取营养和健康相关信息的主要来源。当然,其中也充斥着各种快速减肥的“妙招”。

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众所周知,肥胖是由于长期的热量摄入超过能量消耗而导致的能量失衡。因此,“管住嘴”(控制饮食结构和食物摄入量)与“迈开腿”(养成锻炼身体的习惯)永远是最有效且最安全的减肥方法。但在持之以恒面前,很多人败了下来,转而选择了一些依从性较好的方法。

去年,发表在Nutrition上的一项使用Google趋势调查公众对各种饮食兴趣的研究显示,纯素食、素食和无麸质饮食最受欢迎,它们吸引了全球公众最大的兴趣。

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十几年前曾排在首位的高蛋白饮食已跌落到最后一位,可见全球公众都已意识到了肥胖带来的健康威胁。然而,该调查还发现了一个被我们“不太熟知”的饮食,即“负热量”饮食。近年来,这种好饮食似乎成了减肥界推崇的网红餐。

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所谓负热量(negative-calorie)饮食,就是指加工(消化、吸收、运输、代谢和储存摄入的营养物质)所需的能量超过饮食中所含的能量。简而言之,就是吃这些食物让你能减少更多热量。

食物为我们身体提供所需的营养物质,我们通过进食来摄入热量,通过燃烧能量来消耗热量。我们的能量需求由三部分组成:1、静息状态下身体所需的能量;2、进食热效应,即进食后代谢率增加,同时食物被消化和吸收;3、身体活动所需的额外能量。

一些已被贴上“负热量”标签的饮食包括芹菜、葡萄柚、西红柿、黄瓜、西兰花、生菜和胡萝卜等,它们通常是含水量高的水果和蔬菜。还有冷水和口香糖也被贴上了“负热量”的标签。

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照它的意思,吃这些食物会让我们比不吃东西还要消耗热量,这岂不是美哉,美哉,美美哉吗!这靠谱吗?

以下是三位营养学和生理学专家对此发表的观点:

英国德蒙福特大学营养学和生理学专家Louise Dunford博士:不太可能

没有科学证据支持这一观点。从理论上讲,这听起来似乎有道理。但实际上,即使是热量最低的食物,如芹菜、西红柿和黄瓜,它们每100克也含有7到30千卡的热量,超过了人体分解和吸收它们所需的热量。

Thinking Nutrition的营养学专家Tim Crowe:极不可能

没有证据表明存在负热量饮食。即使是不起眼的芹菜,虽然它大约95%是水,但仍含有少量来自碳水化合物的热量,准确地说是每百克65千焦。虽然消化食物会消耗能量,即食物的热效应,但这相当于食物所含能量的10%左右。因此,即使是芹菜也会给你的饮食增加热量。虽然这是一个小数字,但绝对不是负数。

南非西北大学营养学专家Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau:不确定

水不含能量,当饮用体温范围以外的水时,会消耗一些能量来维持体温,即所谓的水诱导生热效应。有几项研究试图探索这种效应是否有利于减肥,但大多数研究发现,饮用冷水后,热量消耗很少,甚至没有消耗。口香糖的影响也很小。每小时咀嚼仅消耗11千卡(46.2千焦),因此很难被视为真正的运动。因为一块口香糖含有约10千卡(42.0千焦)的热量,需要咀嚼一个小时以上才能消耗掉口香糖提供的能量。

「所谓的“负热量”饮食有没有其他益处?」

如果芹菜、葡萄柚和黄瓜不会导致我们损失热量,那么它们为什么经常出现在有效的减肥食谱中呢?

Nienaber-Rousseau说:“这些所谓负热量食物有助于减肥不是因为它们会导致能量摄入不足,而是因为它们在向胃中填充能量密度低的食物来满足饥饿感,再加上锻炼可以导致燃烧的热量比摄入的更多,从而导致整体能量减少。”

Crowe补充道:“如果你的嘴里塞满了芹菜,你就没有空间吃汉堡和薯条了。”因此,吃所谓的“负热量”食物可以让你有饱腹感,从而有助于减肥。然而,重要的是,不要以为向饮食中加入这些食物就万事大吉了。

Dunford说:“重要的是用水果和蔬菜替换掉饮食中的高热量食物,而不是仅仅在已有的饮食中增加水果和蔬菜,因为这样只会使你摄入的总体热量更多。例如,一个芝士汉堡加一份沙拉比一个芝士汉堡含有更多的热量。”

有趣的是,这在心理上是很难做到的。Nienaber Rousseau指出,“研究表明,当存在零脂肪食物等健康食品时,人们会低估食物的能量含量。这种现象被称为‘负热量错觉’。”

Dunford总结道:“不幸的是,负热量食物只是一个传说,减肥并长期保持体重没有捷径可走。与单纯的短期节食相比,永久性地选择更健康的饮食将更有助于长期减肥和身体健康。”

2022年了,我们是不是应该把眼光放得更长远,在“踔厉奋发,笃行不怠”的同时,呵护自己的健康,以迎接更遥远更美好的未来。

参考资料:
[1]Kamiński M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Nowak JK, Stachowska E. Global and local diet popularity rankings, their secular trends, and seasonal variation in Google Trends data. Nutrition. 2020 Nov-Dec;79-80:110759. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110759. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PMID: 32563767.
[2]Do 'negative-calorie' foods exist? https://metafact.io/factchecks/1787-do-negative-calorie-foods-exist

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    2022-02-09 ms8000000738907996

    so? 锻炼吧

    0

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    2022-02-08 yhy100201
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    2022-02-06 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

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