盘点:“输血”相关研究汇总

2016-10-16 Mechront MedSci原创

输血是指将血液通过静脉输注给病人的一种治疗方法,在临床上应用广泛。 小故事:最早的输血是在1667年,一个法国贵族将280ml的小牛血输给了一个精神失常的流浪汉,企图治疗他的精神问题。这位倒霉的患者在经历了严重的免疫反应、在鬼门关徘徊数次之后,居然奇迹般地活了下来,并且维持了一段时间的平静。 【1】围手术期输血不利于结肠癌术后的生存 研究纳入了24230例I至II

输血是指将血液通过静脉输注给病人的一种治疗方法,在临床上应用广泛。

小故事:最早的输血是在1667年,一个法国贵族将280ml的小牛血输给了一个精神失常的流浪汉,企图治疗他的精神问题。这位倒霉的患者在经历了严重的免疫反应、在鬼门关徘徊数次之后,居然奇迹般地活了下来,并且维持了一段时间的平静。

【1】围手术期输血不利于结肠癌术后的生存

研究纳入了24230例I至III期结肠癌患者,行了结肠癌切除术。

29%例接受输血,4%例出现脓毒症。经风险调整后,输血和脓毒症与更差的结肠癌疾病特异性生存率有关(输血 HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09-1.30; 脓毒症 HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.44-2.35;输血+脓毒症 HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.87-2.76);

与更差的心血管疾病特异性生存率有关(输血 HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.33; 脓毒症 HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.14-2.31; 输血+脓毒症 HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.58-2.63);

与更差的总体生存率有关(输血 HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.29;脓毒症 HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.48-2.09;输血+脓毒症 HR 2.36, 95% CI 2.07-2.68)。

结果表明,围手术期输血与结肠癌切除术后更短的生存期有关,并且独立于脓毒症。接受输血和出现脓毒症还有一个加性效应,会导致更糟糕的生存。(文章详见——Ann Surg:围手术期输血不利于结肠癌术后的生存

【2】神经退行性疾病并不会通过输血传播

该研究的参与者为在1968-2012年间接受输血的1465845例患者。

2.9%的患者接受的输血来自确诊为一种研究神经退行性疾病的供体。无论使用怎样的方法,并没有发现任何这些疾病的传播的证据。接受老年痴呆症献血者的受血者 vs 接受健康献血者的患者发生老年痴呆症的风险比为1.04(95%CI,0.99〜1.09)。阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病相应估计分别是0.99(CI,0.85〜1.15)和0.94(CI,0.78〜1.14)。实施丙型肝炎病毒筛查之前检测到肝炎传播,但筛查之后没有检测到。

该研究的数据并没有提供神经变性疾病传播的证据,并且表明如果传播真的发生了,这也是非常罕见的。(文章详见——AIM:神经退行性疾病并不会通过输血传播

【3】心血管疾病未接受手术患者:限制输血 vs 自由输血

研究人员进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,共确定了41个试验,7个试验包括了心血管疾病患者的数据,另外4个招募心血管疾病患者的数据来自于作者。

总共11项试验招募患有心血管疾病患者(n=3033)被列入了荟萃分析中(限制性输血,n=1514例;自由输血,n=1519)。输血的阈值和30天的死亡率之间的关联汇集危险比为1.15(95%置信区间0.88至1.50,p=0.50),异质性较小(I2=14%)。限制性管理与自由输血患者相比,急性冠脉综合征的风险增加(九项试验;危险比率1.78,95%置信区间1.18至2.70,P=0.01,I2=0%)。

结果表明,患急性冠脉综合征或慢性心血管疾病的患者而进行小于80g/L的限制性输血阈值管理是不安全的。死亡率和其他效果是不确定的。这些数据支持了急性和慢性心血管疾病的患者使用一个更宽松的输血阈值(>80g/L),直到有足够的高质量的随机试验已经在心血管疾病患者中进行。(文章详见——BMJ:心血管疾病未接受手术患者:限制输血 vs 自由输血

【4】自由输血策略可提高成年患者的围术期生存率

研究人员进行了一项随机临床试验的荟萃分析,纳入患者接受了自由输血策略或限制性输血策略,并报告全因死亡率的试验。

结果显示,与接受限制性输血策略的患者相比,在围术期接受自由输血策略的患者全因死亡率更低;而在接受限制性输血策略和自由输血策略的危重患者之间,全因死亡率则没有显著差异。

最后研究人员得出结论:成年患者在围术期接受自由输血策略可提高其生存率。(文章详见——Br J Anaesth:自由输血策略可提高成年患者的围术期生存率

【5】输注新鲜红细胞并不优于标准红细胞

研究纳入了2009-03~2014-05、加拿大和欧洲64个中心共2430名危重病人,其中1211名病人接受新鲜红细胞输注(新鲜组),1219名病人接受标准红细胞输注(标准组)。

新鲜组红细胞平均储存时间为6.1±4.9,标准组该时间为22.0±8.4,两组比较P<0.001。在第90天,新鲜组有448名(37.0%)病人死亡,标准组该数据为430名(35.3%)病人,两组比较ARD=1.7%,95% CI,–2.1 to 5.5。同时生存分析得出,新鲜组较之标准组,其死亡的HR=1.1,95% CI, 0.9 to 1.2; P = 0.38。在对二次结果(重大疾病、呼吸/血流动力学/肾功能、住院时长、输血反应)分析得出,无论是从总的二次结果出发,还是亚组分析,两组间差别无统计学意义。

研究结果表明,与标准红细胞相比,对危重病人输注新鲜红细胞并不能降低其90天死亡率。(文章详见——NEJM:输注新鲜红细胞并不优于标准红细胞

【6】输血时红细胞越新鲜越好吗?

研究纳入了年龄≥12岁、进行复杂的心脏手术、输注红细胞的病人,按照术中和术后输注少白细胞红细胞贮存时间长短,将其随机分组,一组贮存时间≤10天(贮存时间短)。另一组贮存时间≥21天(贮存时间长)。

研究共纳入1098名病人,短贮存时间组其输注的红细胞平均贮存时间为7天,长贮存时间组的平均为28天,两组MODS得分改变分别增高8.5分和8.7分,两组数据差值的95% CI, −0.6 to 0.3; P = 0.44。术后7天内短贮存时间组和长贮存组死亡率分别为2.8%、2.0%(P = 0.43),28天死亡率分别为4.4%、5.3% (P = 0.57)。除了高胆红素血症在长贮存时间组更常见以外,其他不良反应事件发生率在两组中差别无统计学意义。

研究结果表明,红细胞的贮存期长短不会影响术前术后MODS得分改变。同时研究者们也没有发现,对于年龄≥12岁的行复杂心脏手术的病人,输注贮存时间≤10天的红细胞,其效果会优于贮存时间≥21天的红细胞。(文章详见——NEJM:输血时红细胞越新鲜越好吗?

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    2016-10-26 1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称)

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2016-10-19 1e1263e3m20(暂无匿称)

    好文章,学习了

    0

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    2016-10-18 windight
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    2016-10-18 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    科学输血,合理用血。

    0

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    2016-10-17 flysky120

    谢谢,学习

    0

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    2016-10-17 蓬莱阁

    嗯,好文,值得赞赏

    0

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    2016-10-17 忠诚向上

    好好看下

    0

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    2016-10-17 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    正确输血救人一命。

    0

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    2016-10-17 1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称)

    谢谢指点学习了

    0

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