Chest:阿奇霉素预防COPD急性加重 超过1年还有效果吗?

2018-06-20 徐钰琦 环球医学

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种重要的慢性呼吸系统疾病,患者常伴发呼吸困难、缺氧等症状,肺功能会慢慢恶化。病毒引起的上呼吸道感染和肺炎会导致COPD的急性加重(ECOPD),是造成患者突然死亡的主要原因。阿奇霉素作为大环内酯类的抗菌药物,对预防COPD急性加重具有重要作用。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种重要的慢性呼吸系统疾病,患者常伴发呼吸困难、缺氧等症状,肺功能会慢慢恶化。病毒引起的上呼吸道感染和肺炎会导致COPD的急性加重(ECOPD),是造成患者突然死亡的主要原因。阿奇霉素作为大环内酯类的抗菌药物,对预防COPD急性加重具有重要作用。

但凡抗菌药物,长期使用必然会产生耐药性。连续循环使用阿奇霉素(CC-A)可降低急性加重率,但尚不清楚其在第一年以后是否仍然有效和安全。为此,研究者进行了一项研究,考察了阿奇霉素治疗严重慢性COPD超过1年以上时的临床有效性和安全性结局。研究结果于2018年5月发表于《Chest》上。

研究对≥4级中度至重度ECOPD的严重COPD(慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议级别D)患者进行回顾性分析,这些患者接受CC-A(500mg,每周三次)作为附加治疗。

治疗超过24个月的患者被认为是长期连续循环阿奇霉素(LT-CC-A)使用者,将第一年、第二年、第三年的ECOPD、住院率和住院时长与既往12个月时相比较。

微生物监测、大环内酯类耐药性评估和副作用分析贯穿整个研究期间。

结果表明,CC-A治疗的109名严重COPD患者(其中39人治疗≥24个月)组成LT-CC-A组(35.8%)。

这组患者的ECOPD率自基线降低,12个月时平均为56.2%,24个月时为70%,36个月时为41%。

与此同时,住院率分别降低62.6%、75.8%和39.8%。

LT-CC-A组由普通微生物导致的ECOPD在12个月和24个月时分别下降了12.5%和17.3%,对大环内酯类耐药性增加了50%。铜绿假单胞菌造成的ECOPD在这两个时间点上升了7.2%和13.1%。

CC-A治疗耐受性较好,副作用很少:为短期消化紊乱(7.1%)和长期听力损失(5.1%)。

由此得出,LT-CC-A治疗超过24个月至36个月期间,COPD患者实现ECOPD和住院率>50%的持续降低,不良事件很少,但对大环内酯类的耐药性增加。

这是首项考察LT-CC-A治疗有经常急性加重史的严重COPD患者超过24个月的有效性和安全性的研究。就其有效性而言,CC-A疗法显着减少了ECOPD患者的数量,这种效果持续了一年以上,直到第三年。这些接受长期治疗的患者尽管他们也由于铜绿假单胞菌和其他革兰氏阴性细菌而出现了ECOPD的相对增加,

但因cPPMs而出现了ECOPD的降低。

原始出处:

Pomares X, Montón C, Bullich M, et al. Clinical and Safety Outcomes of Long-Term Azithromycin Therapy in Severe COPD Beyond the First Year of Treatment. Chest. 2018 May;153(5):1125-1133. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.01.044.

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    2018-08-03 Smile2680
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    2018-06-21 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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