国内CAR-T CD276靶点的细胞疗法或能攻克实体瘤

2020-07-22 干细胞 干细胞

CAR-T细胞疗法(嵌合抗原受体T细胞)是近年来肿瘤免疫治疗中取得突破性进展的方法,在CD19阳性的急性淋巴细胞性白血病等血液系统肿瘤中取得了激动人心的结果,但这些靶点对实体肿瘤的治疗效果不尽如人意。

CAR-T细胞疗法(嵌合抗原受体T细胞)是近年来肿瘤免疫治疗中取得突破性进展的方法,在CD19阳性的急性淋巴细胞性白血病等血液系统肿瘤中取得了激动人心的结果,但这些靶点对实体肿瘤的治疗效果不尽如人意。此外,目前已报道的CAR-T细胞疗法多采用鼠源化单链抗体(scFv),抗原识别准确性较低且有免疫排斥反应的风险。

目前免疫检查点分子有很多,但未被开发的、更为有效的靶点数量更是巨大,因此越来越多的科学家开始致力于发现新的、更多的免疫检查点来对付肿瘤的“突变”。CD276作为国际最前沿的靶点之一,目前仅有少量美国公司以CD276为靶点的大分子单克隆抗体药物进入临床,以CD276为靶点的CAR-T细胞疗法也正在美国进行临床,而国内此靶点的临床仍是空白。大部分细胞疗法公司仍停留在针对血液肿瘤的靶点,如CD19等已被大量使用的靶点,除了效果欠佳,从市场角度看,能做的公司多患者少,必将面临激烈的价格竞争。

CD276,即是B7-H3,是一种新的共刺激分子,属于I型跨膜蛋白,胞外区包含两对相同的免疫球蛋白可变区和恒定区,胞内区很短,没有明确的信号基序。其mRNA水平的表达较为广泛,但蛋白表达相对局限在静息的成纤维细胞、内皮细胞、成骨细胞、羊水干细胞等非免疫细胞,以及受诱导的抗原提呈细胞、NK细胞表面。许多研究揭示B7-H3在多种肿瘤中过表达,包括黑色素瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌及其它肿瘤等,表达水平与患者预后不良和临床转归差密切相关,推测其参与了肿瘤的免疫逃避。虽然其分子机制还不明确,但作为一种可能的免疫检查点分子,是一个有前景的肿瘤免疫治疗靶标。

基于众多免疫检查点(CTLA-4、 PD-1、PD-L1)抑制剂临床药物的成功经验,开发有治疗前景的靶向B7-H3的单克隆抗体很有必要。由于目前B7-H3的受体还不清楚,开发具有中和作用的封闭抗体尚有难度。

MacroGenics公司的Enoblituzumab (MGA271)的抗肿瘤作用是通过抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(ADCC)发挥效用,已经进入到I期临床试验,并显示令人鼓舞的初步结果。抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)可起到生物导弹的作用,放射标记靶向B7-H3的单抗8H9成功用于转移性神经细胞瘤的临床治疗,而放射标记的人源化8H9抗体正用于开展腹膜癌、神经胶质瘤以及中枢神经肿瘤的临床试验。

国内目前进行CD276的CAR-T细胞专利申请的仅有两家,赛德特生物科技开发有限公司(以下简称“赛德特生物”)作为国内第一家申请的主体,在CAR结构中加入了人源化CD276特异单链抗体(scFv),联合郑州大学第一附属医院张毅教授及其团队,开创性地发明了针对多个实体肿瘤治疗的CD276的CAR-T细胞疗法,于2020年7月10日拿到国家专利局的专利授权

CD276的CAR-T细胞是一种技术先进、结构完善、使用安全的基因改构免疫细胞,通过CD276在非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肾细胞癌、结直肠癌等多种实体瘤肿瘤细胞及肿瘤相关血管内皮细胞中的特异性表达精确杀伤肿瘤细胞,阻遏肿瘤相关血管的生成,达到治疗上述实体肿瘤的目的。同时,CD276 CAR-T细胞采用人源化的抗CD276scFv作为CAR-T细胞识别区,可以增强抗原识别的准确性及有效避免免疫排斥发生,有助于提高CD276CAR-T细胞治疗的有效性和安全性。

赛德特生物的CD276 CAR-T细胞疗法在动物体内实验中显示(见图一):运用CAR-CD276细胞对小鼠进行治疗,7天后肿瘤体积明显缩小,而且随着治疗时间的延长,CAR-CD276细胞治疗组的肿瘤体积越来越小,提示CAR-CD276细胞具有良好的肿瘤杀伤能力。

图一:

目前赛德特生物CAR-T研发团队正按照国家药监局对于细胞治疗的管理要求,进一步开展临床前研究,以获取该疗法安全性及有效性更充分的数据支持。

作为一家致力于生物医学技术研发、医学成果转化和临床应用的现代化生物高科技企业,赛德特生物在干细胞技术、CAR-T/NK技术、免疫细胞技术等领域均有开创性成果,将积极助力我国大健康产业发展。     

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    2021-06-08 仁者大医
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    2020-07-22 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    主要支付能力问题

    0

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    2020-07-22 老婆子

    抗原受体细胞

    0

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    2020-07-22 lovetcm

    #CAR-T细胞治疗#新靶点竞争激烈,不过这个对实体瘤仍然存疑

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