Biomed Res Int:不同内固定结合不同植骨术治疗老年人不稳定胸腰椎骨折的生物力学分析

2022-07-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

作为老年患者常见的脊柱疾病,脊柱骨折常与骨质疏松症有关。然而,老年患者的骨密度低,身体素质差,常伴有其他系统性疾病。因此,选择合适的内固定系统和有效的手术方法对解决老年患者的内固定失败起着决定性作用。

作为老年患者常见的脊柱疾病,脊柱骨折常与骨质疏松症有关。然而,老年患者的骨密度低,身体素质差,常伴有其他系统性疾病。因此,选择合适的内固定系统和有效的手术方法对解决老年患者的内固定失败起着决定性作用。

近日,发表于Biomed Res Int的一项研究为准确评估胸腰椎不稳定骨折的术前术后情况,探讨治疗时机和方法。采用三维(3D)有限元方法构建人体T12-L5节段模型,回顾性比较了经皮穿刺椎体后突成形术(PKP)和经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)这两种常用的内固定手术的效率。

研究人员共收集了150名接受PKP或PVP手术的胸部骨折患者,以及104名接受保守治疗的相同症状的患者,并随机分为PVP组(75例)、PKP组(75例)和对照组(104例)。术前、术后及术后2、12、24个月收集患者的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Oswestry残疾指数(ODI)。然后,通过X射线计算患者锥体的前部和中部高度以及脊柱后凸的角度。通过计算机辅助设计(CAD)建立了腰椎微创融合系统和腰椎椎弓根螺钉杆系统,并对其生物力学特性进行了分析。

结果显示,PKP和PVP之间的VAS评分和ODI评分无实质性差异(P>0.05),但均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的椎体前缘和中间高度均高于对照组(P<0.05),而PKP组的增加幅度更大(P<0.05)。两组的脊柱后凸小于对照组(P<0.05),PKP组的脊柱后凸下降幅度更大(P<0.05)。

综上所述,该研究结果表明,使用三维有限元法建立的胸腰段模型是一个有效的模型,并在患者身上验证了PKP和PVP都能取得相对满意的疗效。新型内固定系统的植入对腰椎运动没有明显影响。该工作为老年性胸腰椎不稳定骨折的治疗提供了新的思路和方法,同时也为老年性不稳定骨折的手术提供了生物力学的实验数据。

原始出处:

Qisong Shang, et al., Biomechanical Analysis of Different Internal Fixation Combined with Different Bone Grafting for Unstable Thoracolumbar Fractures in the Elderly. Biomed Res Int. 2022 Apr 25;2022:2863379. doi: 10.1155/2022/2863379.  

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    2022-09-16 tidiq
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    2022-07-02 sunylz
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