NEJM:开启医学新时代:体内CRISPR基因编辑临床试验结果公布,安全有效

2021-06-28 “E药世界”公众号 “E药世界”公众号

2012年8月17日,詹妮弗·杜德娜(Jennifer Doudna)和埃玛纽埃尔·卡彭蒂耶(Emmanulle Charpentier)合作,在 Science 杂志发表了基因编辑史上的里程碑论文,

2012年8月17日,詹妮弗·杜德娜(Jennifer Doudna)和埃玛纽埃尔·卡彭蒂耶(Emmanulle Charpentier)合作,在 Science 杂志发表了基因编辑史上的里程碑论文,成功解析了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑的工作原理。她们因这项成就荣获2020年诺贝尔化学奖。

以CRISPR/Cas9为代表的基因编辑技术,大大加速了基因治疗的快速发展,为许多原本无药可医的遗传疾病带来了巨大的希望。

2021年6月26日,国际顶尖医学期刊《新英格兰医学期刊》NEJM 发表了题为:CRISPR-Cas9 In Vivo Gene Editing for Transthyretin Amyloidosis 的临床实验论文。

诺奖得主詹妮弗·杜德娜(Jennifer Doudna)创立的 Intellia Therapeutics 和再生元合作开发的治疗转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性(ATTR)的CRISPR基因编辑疗法NTLA-2001,在6名患者的临床试验中安全有效。

据悉,这也是首个公布的体内CRISPR基因编辑疗法的临床试验结果。

转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性(ATTR),是一种危及生命的严重罕见遗传疾病,据估计,全球大约有5万名患者,该疾病的特征是错误折叠的转甲状腺素蛋白(TTR)蛋白在组织中逐渐积累,主要是神经和心脏。

该研究使用的 NTLA-2001 疗法,是一种体内基因编辑治疗,通过脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)递送载体,将携带靶向致病基因TTR基因的sgRNA和优化的spCas9蛋白的mRNA序列,递送至肝脏。

临床数据显示,在这6名接受治疗的患者中,3名患者接受0.1mg/kg剂量,3例患者接受0.3mg/kg剂量。接受治疗28天后,两种不同剂量的患者血浆种TTR蛋白水平分别平均下降52%和87%。且未观察到严重不良反应。

这是有史以来第一个临床数据,证明可以精确地在体内进行CRISPR基因编辑,通过单次静脉输注CRISPR系统来治疗遗传疾病。

Intellia Therapeutics 的 CEO John Leonard 表示,这项临床试验结果表明,NTLA-2001 可能通过单次注射阻止转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性(ATTR)疾病的发展以及逆转其破坏性并发症。该临床试验还解决了CRISPR向肝脏递送的难题,为其他遗传疾病的治疗打开了大门,他还表示,将迅速推进该疗法,同时扩大现有研发管线。

Intellia 现在的研发管线

体内基因编辑疗法

体外基因编辑疗法

实际上,首个开展体内CRISPR基因治疗的是张锋创立的 Editas Medicine,2020年3月4日,艾尔建和 Editas Medicine 联合宣布:CRISPR疗法AGN-151587(EDIT-101)治疗先天性黑蒙症10型(LCA10)的I/II期临床试验,已完成首例患者给药。

该临床试验使用的是腺相关病毒(AAV)将CRISPR基因编辑系统通过注射递送到眼睛。这是全球首个体内CRISPR基因编辑临床试验,也是全球首例CRISPR基因编辑的在体给药,据悉,该临床试验结果将于今年9月份公布。

而在2020年12月5日,《新英格兰医学期刊》NEJM 发表了 CRISPR Therapeutics 和 Vertex Pharmaceuticals 联合开发的利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术治疗β-地中海贫血症和镰状细胞病的临床试验。

证实了体外CRISPR基因编辑技术在治疗这两种遗传疾病上的安全性和有效性。

这项体内CRISPR基因编辑疗法临床试验结果,大大扩展了CRISPR基因编辑疗法的应用范围,能够直接通过注射在体内进行高效基因编辑,为许多遗传疾病的治疗开辟了新的途径,可以说是开启了医学新时代。

原始出处:

Julian D. Gillmore, et al. CRISPR-Cas9 In Vivo Gene Editing for Transthyretin Amyloidosis. NEJM, June 26, 2021. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107454

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    2021-06-29 yuandd
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    2021-06-27 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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NAT MED:我国公布CRISPR人体试验结果

在此,我国研究人员报告了CRISPR-Cas9 PD-1编辑的T细胞在晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中的首例人体I期临床试验的结果(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02793856)。

基因编辑技术再获新突破

过去3年,CRISPR基因编辑技术成为生命科学领域的最热门研究,因为利用这种简单的手段,科学家可以方便地对感兴趣的基因进行编辑,使基因编辑从过去高大上的尖端技术变成科学家的常用武器,也给人类基因疾病的治疗带来希望。利用这种技术,科学家已经先后成功对多种细胞,包括人类胚胎细胞进行了基因编辑。由于这种技术的简单方便,一些业余的生命科学研究爱好者都开始使用这种技术进行基因改造。几乎所有人都认为,CRIS

利用CRISPR基因编辑技术治疗癌症?

根据美国国家卫生研究院(NIH)的说法,美国重组DNA顾问委员会(Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee,RAC)下周将审查宾夕法尼亚大学申请首次利用革命性的基因编辑技术CRISPR治疗人类癌症的临床试验。利用CRISPR技术,科学家们能够准确地切割靶DNA。这项临床研究将从癌症患者体内提取出免疫系统的T细胞。接着,研究人员将利用CRISPR对T细胞进行基因修饰,并将