Cell Rep:重磅!癌症疫苗或许可行!《Cell》子刊揭肝癌疫苗!

2017-11-20 佚名 转化医学网

肝癌是导致癌症患者死亡的重要原因之一,其发病率和死亡率居高不下,全世界每年有78万新发肝癌患者和74万肝癌死亡病例。肝癌已成为除肺癌外第二致命的恶性肿瘤,在肝癌晚期,几乎没有十分有效的靶向药物或免疫治疗药物。可喜的是,近日发表在《Cell Report》上的一篇文章给我们带来了希望!

加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的研究小组在探究肝癌发病机制的同时发现,一种常用的人工合成双链RNA(dsRNA)可以增强多种抗肿瘤相关的免疫功能。他们认为可能存在一种疫苗,可以对肝癌高危人群癌症的发生产生一定的预防作用。

该发现以题为《Preventive Inhibition of Liver Tumorigenesis by Systemic Activation of Innate Immune Functions》的文章发表在了《Cell》子刊上,研究者发现在癌前阶段将特定的双链RNA(dsRNA),即聚肌胞(polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid,PIC)注入肝癌模型小鼠的体内,小鼠的肝癌细胞存在生长抑制的现象

研究表明,重组巨噬细胞(专门的免疫细胞,破坏靶细胞)可以抑制肿瘤的形成;活化自然杀伤细胞和树突状细胞具有直接杀伤肿瘤细胞和促进机体产生适应性免疫的功能。

实验使用了经化学致癌物或脂肪肝诱发的小鼠肿瘤模型,通过在不同时期注射PIC来观察肿瘤小鼠体内的肿瘤生长情况。结果显示,在肿瘤形成之前注射dsRNA的模型肿瘤小组,其肿瘤的抑制率是最高的。

这表明通过注射PIC,对肝癌的预防作用比治疗作用更为显着。并且研究人员发现,注射PIC后,相应生物标记物的表达,如CD44v6、Sox9、A6和上皮细胞粘附分子(EpCAM)显着降低。这些生物标记物分子的表达可能与各种动物模型中肝脏运动有关,而PIC诱导的表达下降则与抑制肝肿瘤的发生有关。

值得注意的是,注射PIC也能抑制由PTEN缺失和脂肪肝引起的肝肿瘤,并且不发生抑制脂肪变性的情况

这些数据为非特异性免疫刺激剂的使用奠定了基础,如合成dsRNA,它可以防止高危脂肪肝患者的HCC的发展。鉴于晚期肝癌患者的预后极差,且肝肿瘤发病率高,慢性肝病患者的患病人数迅速扩大等情况,有效的肝癌预防策略是十分重要的。

研究人员继续实验发现,PIC注射后的一个月之,实验组肿瘤数目和大小出现最大程度的降低;PIC注射后的三个月,实验组的肿瘤抑制作用有所降低,但与对照组相比,实验组还是存在明显的肿瘤抑制效果。PIC注射后的五个月,实验组小鼠体内的肿瘤已经开始形成,实验组的肿瘤数目或大小与对照组相比几乎没有差别。

“未来的研究将着眼于PIC作为抗癌疫苗时预防作用发生的时间和相关治疗所需的剂量,加州大学圣地亚哥分校的病理学和分子生物学教授、论文的高级作者冯根胜博士提到。此外,研究人员还将评估PIC与其他药物联合使用来预防肿瘤的效果。

“肝脏具有独特的免疫耐受性,这也就是为什么现有的治疗方法,包括免疫疗法等对肝癌几乎没有什么持久的作用。”冯博士说,“当我们发现这种合成的双链RNA可以通过启动人体自身的先天免疫系统来阻止肝癌的发展时,我们迅速开展了相关的基因敲除实验,以研究不同类型的细胞在肝脏中是如何通过交流来促进或抑制癌症的发展的”。

研究结果表明这种药物可以用来预防肝癌。“我们还有更多的工作要做,但刻不容缓,因为现在肝癌的发病率正在迅速增加,”冯博士说,“现在全世界有大量的人患有慢性肝病,他们有很高的患癌风险。如果我们能迅速研制出一种预防肿瘤的疫苗,或是一种能阻止现有癌症生长的方法,我们就能大幅的降低肝癌的发病率。”

原始出处:

Jin Lee, Rui Liao, Gaowei Wang, et al. Preventive Inhibition of Liver Tumorigenesis by Systemic Activation of Innate Immune Functions. Cell Report, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.064.

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    2018-06-09 维他命
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    2017-11-22 xxxx1054
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    2017-11-21 semrour

    叹为观止

    0

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    2017-11-20 Chongyang Zhang

    签到学习了很多

    0

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