近期炎症性肠病热点研究TOP10

2017-02-21 MedSci MedSci原创

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是慢性特发性肠道疾病,包括克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative Colitis,UC)。这两种疾病是由肠道壁炎症构成——导致肠道发炎,肿胀或溃疡进展。克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的炎症及其结果是不同的。炎症会带来不同程度的腹部不适,腹泻,和肠出血。这两种疾病可能导致严重的消化问题

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是慢性特发性肠道疾病,包括克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative Colitis,UC)。这两种疾病是由肠道壁炎症构成——导致肠道发炎,肿胀或溃疡进展。克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎的炎症及其结果是不同的。炎症会带来不同程度的腹部不适,腹泻,和肠出血。这两种疾病可能导致严重的消化问题。本文梅斯医学小编汇总了近期炎症性肠病研究进展,与大家学习分享。


肠道炎症可损害粘膜愈合,从而建立了一个恶性循环,导致慢性炎症性肠病(IBD)。然而,驱动慢性炎症的信号网络仍不清楚。最近,顶级杂志《Science》上发表文章旨在探究白细胞介素-22(IL-22) 结合蛋白与IBD的关系。

研究者发现从IBD患者分离出的CD4+T细胞高表达白细胞介素-22结合蛋白(IL-22BP),IL-22BP作为组织保护性细胞因子IL-22的内源性抑制剂。利用小鼠模型,研究者发现IBD的发展需要T细胞合成分泌的IL-22BP。最后,从IBD患者中分离出的肠道CD4 + T细胞对目前最有效的IBD治疗方式-抗肿瘤坏死因子–α抗体(抗TNF–α治疗)有效果,并能够有效的降低IL-22BP表达量,但不影响IL-22的表达。

这些研究结果表明,抗TNF-α疗法可能至少部分是通过抑制IL-22BP,该研究指明一个更具体的潜在的治疗IBD的靶点。


近日,消化病领域权威杂志《Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology》发表了一篇研究文章,旨在评估在有或无IBD的患者进行结肠镜粪便菌群移植的疗效,并且明确在这个操作过程中能否发现IBD患者。

研究者收集了从2008年到2015年期间因CDI复发在明尼苏达大学住院的272例接受粪便菌群移植的患者的临床数据和结肠镜检查结果。患者至少有2次自发性CDI复发,在粪便菌群移植中,研究者随机从患者右结肠粘膜活检来鉴别结肠炎淋巴细胞或胶原细胞,并在粪便菌群移植2个月后确定CDI清除的成败。

接受粪便菌群移植的患者,15%患者伴有IBD,2.6%的患者在粪便菌群移植过程中发现有IBD,在IBD患者中单次结肠镜FMT可以清除74.4%患者的CDI,而在不伴有IBD的患者中,粪便菌群移植可以清除92.1%患者的CDI(P=0018)。无论有无免疫抑制治疗,患者对粪便菌群移植有类似的反应。超过1/4(25.6%)的IBD患者在进行粪便菌群移植之后有明显的临床炎症表现,在内镜结肠黏膜正常的患者有7.4%出现淋巴细胞性结肠炎;这些患者中仅有3例患者(20%)在清除CDI后需要额外治疗结肠炎。

基于对272例患者的分析,无论有无免疫抑制治疗,相比于不伴有IBD的患者,在伴有IBD患者中粪便菌群移植清除CDI复发的效果稍差。超过25%的伴有IBD的患者在粪便菌群移植之后出现炎症表现,淋巴细胞性结肠炎不影响粪便菌群移植的结局,只有一小部分患者进行粪便菌群移植后需要药物治疗。


美国科学家最近发现一个新靶点有望在未来用于炎症性肠病治疗药物的开发。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Cell Reports上,该研究还提示一种叫做PKCλ/ι的蛋白或可用作显示疾病严重程度的生物标记物。

研究人员表示,他们还检测了PKCλ/ι对肿瘤形成的影响。之前研究表明PKCλ/ι可能会促进癌症发育,但他们发现在小肠中PKCλ/ι具有保护性作用。“在小鼠的小肠中抑制PKCλ/ι基因的表达,会导致小肠内潘氏细胞数目非常稀少,”文章另外一位作者Diaz-Meco教授这样表示。“没有了潘氏细胞,小肠更容易受到细菌的侵入导致炎症。一些炎症又会促进癌症发生,因此在该背景下PKCλ/ι具有肿瘤抑制因子的作用。”

为了找到增加潘氏细胞数目治疗炎症性肠病的方法,研究人员对导致这种缺陷出现的可能因素进行了研究。他们发现EZH2的过度激活是一个关键因素,过量的EZH2会关闭潘氏细胞产生所需要的基因表达。

研究人员还使用了一种体外模型发现阻断EZH2能够将潘氏细胞数目恢复到正常水平,这表明抑制EZH2表达可能是延缓炎症性肠病进展的一个新方法。研究人员还在30名克罗恩病病人的小肠活检样本中证实了他们的发现:疾病进展与PKCλ/ι的低水平存在关联。

目前制药公司正在开发EZH2抑制剂用于其他癌症的治疗,因此这类药物也将很快得到炎症性肠病治疗方面的检测。不过研究人员表示在进入临床试验之前,首先需要进行临床前研究检测这类药物能否阻断炎症性肠病的进展。


根据发表在《Biomaterials》杂志上的研究,生姜正用于炎症性肠病的治疗研究。以纳米粒子的形式,研究人员相信,对这种潜在破坏性疾病,生姜可以提供一个有针对性和有效的补救措施。

炎症性肠病患者经常出现腹泻和疼痛,可能较严重,或出现直肠流血。该病患者也更容易出现并发症,如贫血,因为他们的肠道不能有效吸收营养。

生姜长期以来以其疗效著称。它有几千年的历史,用作一系列健康问题的治疗药物,包括感冒、恶心、关节炎、偏头痛、高血压。所利用的形式包括新鲜、干燥、腌制、蜜饯和粉状等多种形式,可制成美食或饮料。然而,新疗法不是通过茶或咀嚼物的方式。来自亚特兰大的研究人员已经通过超高速离心获得姜源颗粒(GDNPs)。

由Didier Merlin博士和乔治亚州立大学生物医学研究院领导的团队,从厨房搅拌机榨汁开始。下一步,他们使用了一个超高速离心机,实现了姜汁的超声波分散,并制成微丸。

每个纳米粒子的直径约为230纳米,300多个纳米颗粒可能相当于一根头发的宽度。小鼠研究结果表明颗粒可以减少急性结肠炎,预防慢性结肠炎和结肠炎相关的癌症。通过促进结肠内壁细胞的生存和增殖,这些颗粒似乎有助于肠道修复。他们似乎也减少了促炎症蛋白质的产生,并能提高抗炎蛋白质水平。该颗粒能有效地靶向作用于结肠,因为它们主要是由肠道内壁细胞吸收,这正是IBD发生的部位。他们似乎是无毒的。因此,研究人员建议的颗粒用于治疗IBD的两种主要形式以及与结肠炎有关的癌症。


根据近期一项荟萃分析的结果,对于炎症性肠病患者,内镜下黏膜愈合是有利的临床结局重要预测因素,包括更少的手术、住院治疗和长期临床缓解。

“溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)是主要的肠道粘膜炎症和溃疡性疾病,内镜下黏膜愈合(MH)作为一个关键的替代终点已经上升到突出地位。”来自密歇根大学的Ann Arbor研究人员写道。

研究人员回顾了所有发表的有关队列研究和随机对照试验,评估IBD治疗的MH区间,随访愈合和不愈合的患者,并记录手术、住院和临床缓解等相关数据。最终包括19项研究(n = 2,256)进行荟萃分析。

汇总分析显示,UC和CD患者与不愈合的患者相比,MH与更少的腹部大手术有关(RR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.26-0.46),更少的住院有关(RR = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.78),还与缓解率的增加相关(RR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.43-2.36)。分开分析CD和UC患者,MH能预测更少的手术和缓解率的增加,但是对于CD和UC患者住院情况方面,尚缺乏比较证据。

与不愈合的患者相比,完全和部分MH对结局的预测更好,完全 vs.部分MH,在手术预测方面没有显著差异,不过完全MH预测无皮质类固醇缓解率上更好(RR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24-2.34)。Meta回归分析显示,完全和部分MH的缓解预测能力与随访时间密切相关。

分析结果表明,对于炎症性肠病患者,内镜下黏膜愈合是有利的临床结局重要预测因素,包括更少的手术、住院治疗和长期临床缓解。


寄生虫是一些令人讨厌的小东西,它们会钻入我们体内,偷走我们的营养,吸食我们的血液。然而Science杂志发表的一项最新研究表明,寄生性的肠道蠕虫能对肠道菌组成起到有益影响,帮助人体对抗炎症性肠病。

为了模拟炎症性肠病(Crohn's disease),Deepshika Ramanan及其同事构建了缺乏基因Nod2的小鼠。这些小鼠会出现明显的小肠异常,包括粘液层受损和细胞形态改变。研究人员发现,小鼠的这些变化促进了肠道菌Bacteroides vulgatus的生长和繁殖。

令人惊讶的是,如果Nod2缺陷型小鼠受到鼠鞭虫(Trichuris muris)感染,它们小肠的粘液层和细胞形态就可以恢复正常。进一步研究表明,这种寄生虫能通过免疫信号分子IL-4和IL-13对Bacteroidales进行抑制。研究人员在研究另一种肠道蠕虫的时候也看到类似的现象。他们在小鼠感染过程中监控其肠道菌群,发现这种寄生蠕虫会在牺牲B. vulgatus的同时帮助另一种细菌Clostridiales生长。

事实上,在肠道蠕虫感染的重灾区炎症性肠病的确比较少见。Ramanan等人研究了肠道蠕虫感染率非常高的马来西亚土著,在驱虫治疗前后收集他们的粪便样本。研究显示,驱虫使肠道菌组成发生了显著改变,Clostridiales减少得最多,而Bacteroidales大大增加。


贫血是炎症性肠病(IBD)患者最常见的并发症。本研究旨在评估在IBD患者的贫血患病率,并了解其特点。

研究人员设计了一项多中心观察性横断面研究。纳入了15个参与中心1个月所有的患者。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁,已确诊为炎症性肠病。使用Harvey-Bradshaw指数(HBI)评估患者克罗恩病(CD)的活动度,并通过简单临床结肠炎活动指数(SCCAI)评估溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的活动度。

结果共纳入了1313名患者,女性占54.8%,平均年龄为42.8,59%的研究对象诊断为CD、39%的研究对象诊断为UC,2%的研究对象诊断为 IBD。对所有的研究对象进行随访,中位随访期为7年。目前的治疗是氨基水杨酸(63.1%)、糖皮质激素(11.6%)、免疫调节剂(36.4%)以及抗肿瘤坏死因子(27.3%)。最终确定244名患者存在贫血,患病率为18.6%。90%的患者为轻度/中度贫血(平均血红蛋白11.3±0.8克/分升)。女性贫血的比例较高,但是CDs(19.1%)和UCs(17.7%)之间并没有差异。处于疾病活动期(HBI > 4;SCCAI> 2)的患者较疾病缓解期的患者贫血更为常见(33.6 vs. 15.6%),接受类固醇(36.8%)治疗的患者较其他治疗贫血的情况也更为常见。只有47%的贫血患者接受特定的治疗(67%口服补充铁;41%静脉补充铁)。

总而言之,处于疾病活动期和使用糖皮质激素的患者,更容易发生贫血。贫血的治疗仍未引起足够的重视,一半以上的贫血患者并没有接受任何特定的治疗,和而接受治疗的患者多采用口服补铁的方式,这与目前推荐的补铁方式相悖。


近期在线发表在The American Journal of Gastroenterology的研究称,长期患有炎症性肠病(Inflammatory Bowel Disease,IBD)和原发性硬化性胆管炎(PSC),会增加胆管癌风险增加。

该回顾性研究纳入了2005年1月-2013年5月就诊于Mayo诊所的399名PSC-IBD患者。其中有137名患者接受了结肠切除术。

研究数据显示,研究期间有123名患者发展为胆管癌。单因素Cox比例风险模型分析显示,校正年龄后,结肠切除术(HR=1.53;95% CI,1.05-2.22)和炎症性肠病持续时间(HR=1.37;95% CI,1.15-1.63)会增加胆管癌风险。随着年龄的增加,行结肠切除术的患者其胆管癌绝对风险高于没有行结肠切除术的患者(39% vs 27%)。

此外,结肠肿瘤(HR=1.52;95% CI,0.97-2.37)和因结肠肿瘤行结肠切除术(HR=1.62;95% CI,1.01-2.61)接近统计学意义的边缘。与其他难治性疾病相比,有结肠切除术史的患者中,有结肠肿瘤手术指征的患者,其胆管癌风险更高(HR=2.91;95% CI,1.24-6.84)。

多变量分析显示,IBD持续时间仍与胆管癌相关(HR=1.33;95% CI,1.11-1.60)。结肠切除术后,IBD持续时间对胆管癌风险的影响没有改变。

研究人员总结道:“PSC-IBD患者中持续存在的IBD是胆管癌风险的独立预测因素,并且在结肠切除术后,这种风险仍然存在。对胆管癌患者进行早发现、早诊断、早治疗具有重要意义。”


亚洲炎症性肠病(IBD)的发生率在上升,但是对该地区该疾病的进展认识却很少。始于2011年的关于亚太地区克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC)流行病学研究涉及了中国、香港、印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、澳门、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国和澳大利亚等区域,研究者目前的研究数据来自正在进行的研究。

研究者纳入了2011-2013年间的413名平均年龄37岁的IBD患者,其中222名UC患者,181名CD患者,10名IBD未分类患者。研究者分析了患者疾病的过程、严重程度和死亡率。通过Kaplan-Meier分析评估治疗风险。

研究数据显示,CD患者从炎症发展到炎性狭窄或穿透性疾病的累积概率为19.6%;CD患者使用免疫抑制剂或抗肿瘤坏死因子治疗的累积概率分别为58.9%和12%,对于UC患者该数据分别为12.7%和0.9%。肛周CD会增加诊断1年内使用抗肿瘤坏死因子治疗的风险 (HR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.09-8.09)。CD患者和UC患者诊断1年后手术的累积概率分别为9.1%和0.9%。与炎症性疾病相比,CD和穿透性疾病的患者手术风险增加7倍(HR, 7.67; 95% CI, 3.93-14.96)。IBD患者的整体死亡率是0.7%。

该基于人群的前瞻性研究表明,亚洲的IBD患者期早期疾病情况与西方国家具有可比性;CD患者常会发展为复杂疾病,对免疫抑制剂使用需求不能增加;亚洲早期UC患者手术率很低。认识不同人群IBD的进展可以帮助医疗界优化该疾病的治疗,改善预后。


小儿炎症性肠病(IBD)的临床表现通常不具有特异性,常会被误诊为功能性胃肠疾病。研究者检索相关数据库,分析关于儿童慢性胃肠道症状中IBD诊断方式精确性的研究,IBD经过内窥镜检查和组织病理学或临床随访以确定。以探究症状、体征、非侵入性检查等对IBD诊断的精确性。

该荟萃分析纳入了19篇研究,涉及2806名患者。研究数据显示,症状如腹痛、腹泻、直肠出血、体重下降等诊断IBD敏感性0.48-0.82,特异性0.17-0.78。对于血液检查诊断IBD,C反应蛋白(9项研究)和白蛋白(6项研究)表现最佳,敏感性分别为 0.63 (0.51-0.73) 和0.48 (0.31-0.66),特异性分别为0.88 (0.80-0.93)和0.94 (0.86-0.98)。粪便钙卫蛋白 (FCal)(10项研究)诊断IBD的敏感性和特异性分别为0.99 (0.92-1.00) 和(0.54-0.74)。

荟萃分析结果表明,当根据小儿患者症状无法诊断IBD时,使用FCal、CRP和白蛋白具有潜在的临床价值,可选择出IBD低风险(FCal结果阴性)或高风险患者(CRP、白蛋白阳性),进而避免内窥镜等有创检查。

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    2018-01-27 respect
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    2017-02-23 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    肠道微生态对维持肠功能很重要

    0

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    2017-02-22 thlabcde

    归纳的真好!

    0

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    2017-02-22 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    炎症性肠病热点研究学习。

    0

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    2017-02-22 1dd8aa01m06(暂无匿称)

    很好的内容

    0

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    2017-02-22 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    前沿科学

    0

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    2017-02-21 1e1a50a1m36(暂无匿称)

    小儿炎症性肠病(IBD)的临床表现通常不具有特异性,常会被误诊为功能性胃肠疾病

    0

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