Sci Transl Med:癌症治疗新可能:针对“僵硬”肿瘤的生物物理大杀器

2017-07-31 佚名 转化医学网

加州大学尔湾分校科学家Weian Zhao博士实验室通过基因工程建立了一种新的间充质干细胞(MSC),这种新型干细胞可以靶向识别“僵硬”的转移性肿瘤细胞,并将癌症药物精准递送至肿瘤组织。

加州大学尔湾分校科学家Weian Zhao博士实验室通过基因工程建立了一种新的间充质干细胞(MSC),这种新型干细胞可以靶向识别“僵硬”的转移性肿瘤细胞,并将癌症药物精准递送至肿瘤组织。

科学家通过基于转移性乳腺癌小鼠模型的实验证实了他们的技术,这种被其成为机械反应性细胞系统(MRCs)的给药机制可以靶向破坏癌细胞并使肿瘤组织有效收缩而并不会伤害肿瘤周围或其他器官的正常组织。

基于这项技术,科学家有望开发靶向MSC系统以及包括CAR-T在内的其他工程细胞,为癌症和纤维化疾病的治疗提供更多的可能。

研究人员表示,转移性癌症细胞及其细胞外基质由于异常的胶原蛋白沉积和交联而变得僵硬,针对这些转移性细胞的靶向治疗可以避免常规化学疗法存在的一些副作用。

同时,干细胞的命运受其所居住环境的生物物理特性调节。基于这一现象,研究人员开始着手设计干细胞并尝试通过干细胞的体内移植来激活特意环境下抗肿瘤药物的癌细胞杀伤能力。

研究人员在其发表的论文中写道:“我们的研究表明,通过生物物理和机械牵引可以诱导机械反应性细胞系统特异性地对细胞外基质硬度做出反应,进而靶向杀死转移性肿瘤细胞并在最大程度上控制副作用。

“在转化医学领域,我们的机械反应性细胞系统(MRCS)可以作为癌症诊断和治疗的新平台,帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症及纤维化疾病的异常僵硬组织,帮助阐明机械生物学内在机制并揭示细胞在体内微环境中所存在的”感觉“。

虽然该研究主要集中于转移性肺癌与乳腺癌,但是该技术在理论上同样适用于其他转移性肿瘤以及纤维化疾病,因为许多不同的实体瘤表现出比正常组织更为僵硬的生物物理特征。

同时,该团队希望扩大生物物理特征在其他疾病诊断与治疗中的应用, “理论上,机械反应性细胞系统(MRCS)可以针对任何具有异常僵硬特征的疾病做出反应,”文章的作者表示, “在纤维化疾病中,我们可以使用工程细胞传递基质金属蛋白酶以消除纤维组织。”

除此之外,研究人员还强调了将基于硬度感应的肿瘤靶向治疗技术应用于CAR-T细胞治疗领域的可能性。T细胞的天然肿瘤杀伤能力与机械反应性细胞系统(MRCS)的结合将在极大程度上提高CAR-T细胞对肿瘤的杀伤功效并减少副作用。

原始出处:
Liu L, Zhang SX, Liao W,et al.Mechanoresponsive stem cells to target cancer metastases through biophysical cues.Sci Transl Med. 2017 Jul 26;9(400). pii: eaan2966. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2966.

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    2018-02-18 bsmagic9140
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    2017-07-31 changjiu

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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SWOG治疗试验对60岁以上癌症患者的人口存活产生了重大影响。 NCI对癌症合作组织研究计划的投资通过其产生积极的癌症治疗试验的研究项目为美国公众提供了极大的价值和利益。

Nat Med:一种新癌症治疗的新生物标记物SAMHD1被发现

急性髓系白血病(AML)是一类具有大量遗传异常多样性的异质性疾病的统称,由于无法预测这种疾病患者的治疗效果,因此即使只有一些患者才会对化疗产生应答,但所有的患者都会常规进行该项治疗。来自法兰克福大学的研究人员近期发表了最新成果,发现了一种新的生物标志物能够高精度检测出哪些患者会出现有效的疗效,而哪些患者则不会,这也为目前无法得到有效治疗的患者带来了新的希望。这一研究成果公布在1月9日的Nature

Nature:个性化新抗原疫苗引发强烈抗肿瘤反应,攻克癌症治疗两大障碍!

Dana-Farber癌症研究所和麻省理工学院广泛研究所的研究已经显示靶向肿瘤细胞上特征性的“新抗原”的个体癌症治疗疫苗可刺激黑素瘤患者的有效,安全和高度特异性的免疫抗肿瘤反应。