Infection: 铁超负荷会促进重症COVID-19患者的心脏损伤

2022-03-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

铁死亡参与了心血管疾病的发生发展过程,如冠心病,心肌梗死缺血再灌注损伤以及心力衰竭等

      在当前的新冠肺炎大流行期间,除呼吸道外,研究人员还观察到患者的多个器官也会受累。尤其以心脏表现为重,如急性心力衰竭、心律失常或急性冠状动脉综合征,这些都是是严重疾病过程中已知的常见并发症。多项研究报告了 COVID-19 感染患者存在高铁蛋白血症,并表明在严重的 COVID-19 疾病过程中存在铁代谢失调。最近,研究人员发现缺铁与新冠肺炎患者住院时间显着延长以及对 ICU 入院和机械通气的需要增加有关。然而,尚未显示心脏铁稳态与 COVID-19 感染严重程度之间存在直接相关性。

 

      铁死亡是一种新发现的受控细胞死亡类型,它指由于细胞内铁积累、铁储存能力降低和谷胱甘肽消耗,导致过量的活性氧 (ROS) 形成、脂质过氧化,最终导致细胞死亡。在这项研究中,研究人员调查了因严重 COVID-19 而死亡的患者左心室心肌的铁代谢,并评估了这些患者的心脏铁含量以及铁死亡途径。

 

      为了完成本项研究,研究人员从因 COVID-19 而死亡的患者的尸检中获得了左心室心脏组织。并使用铁测定试剂盒评估左心室心肌中的铁含量,研究结果显示与 NF(非衰竭)组的组织相比,死于 COVID-19 的患者左心室心肌中的铁浓度显着升高,细胞内铁的积累可能伴随着铁储存能力的降低。研究结果还发现在 COVID-19 的严重疾病过程中,心肌会出现铁过载。细胞内铁积累伴随着铁储存能力下降(FTH:FTL比率的改变),解毒酶(GPX4)的抑制以及铁死亡途径(HMOX-1)的激活,最终导致心肌氧化应激增加和随后的心肌损伤。

图:心肌铁死亡程度

 

      本项研究证实由于铁对包括冠状病毒在内的病毒的复制很重要,新冠病毒直接控制铁代谢和病毒感染导致铁代谢失调似乎是可能的。因此,这也可以解释 COVID-19 的临床症状和多器官受累,因为铁死亡已被证明与神经系统疾病、肾损伤、循环系统甚至免疫系统调节有关。

 

 

原始出处:

Maria J. Baier. Et al. Cardiac iron overload promotes cardiac injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Infection.2022.

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