Diabetes:生活方式干预对高风险和低风险糖尿病前期病人的不同影响。

2021-10-13 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

生活方式干预(LI)可以预防2型糖尿病,但对LI的反应因风险亚型而异。

目的:生活方式干预(LI)可以预防2型糖尿病,但对LI的反应因风险亚型而异。在一项为期12个月、随访2年的多中心随机控制干预中,我们测试了低风险的糖尿病前期个体是否从传统LI获益,以及高风险个体是否从强化LI获益。

根据ADA血糖标准,1105名糖尿病前期个体根据胰岛素分泌、胰岛素敏感性和肝脏脂肪含量阈值被分为高风险和低风险表型。根据DPP方案或对照(1:1),低危人群随机分为常规LI组,高危人群分为常规LI组或强化LI组,需要加倍运动(1:1)。

结果:共有908名(82%)参与者完成了这项研究。在高危人群中,传统LI与强化LI在激发后血糖变化中的差异为-0.29 mmol/l [CI:-0.54;-0.04],p=0.025。肝脂肪(-1.34个百分点[CI:-2.17;-0.50], p=0.002)和心血管风险(-1.82[CI:-3.13-0.50],p=0.007)在强化的情况下比传统LI有更大的降低。在3年的随访中,强化治疗比传统LI更有可能使糖耐量正常化(p=0.008)。

图1 不同研究阶段胰岛素分泌和敏感性的变化;胰岛素原性指数(任意单位)作为胰岛素分泌的标志,表现为胰岛素敏感性的双曲线函数(胰岛素敏感性指数,任意单位,未调整值)。德国TUEF研究(43例)中糖耐量正常(NGT, 18-50岁)的受试者(n=1421)数据进行双曲线函数。箭头表示基线值(起始值)和干预12个月后的值(结束值)。95% CI显示,蓝色:LR-CTRL,灰色:LR-CONV,黑色:HR-CONV,红色:HR-INT

图2 在研究期间完成生活方式目标的总百分比;为了将所有生活方式目标的总百分比缩放到100%,完成的个人目标的数量按5(个人目标的数量)缩小。与HR-CONV相比,LR-CONV中所有已完成生活方式目标的总百分比更高(p=0.03, wilcoxon检验),HR-CONV和HR-INT之间无差异(p=0.5)。

表1 基线参数(均值±SD)、低危组对照与常规干预、高危组常规与强化干预的比较。

表2 传统LI在低风险个体和高风险个体中的作用。*经基线和中心校正的ANCOVA。

结论:有糖尿病前期的高危个体可能通过强化LI来改善血糖和心脏代谢结果。个体化、基于风险表型的LI可能有助于糖尿病的预防。

原文出处:

Fritsche A,  Wagner R,  Heni M,et al.Different effects of lifestyle intervention in high- and low-risk prediabetes.Diabetes 2021 Sep 16

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