Lancet Respir Med:哮喘研究的四大领域—呼吸病学2015年度总结专题

2015-12-03 MedSci MedSci原创

胎儿发育期饮食调节是预防哮喘和其他复杂疾病的关键,应用系统生物学的方法分析多元数据对于充分了解哮喘进展的生物化学过程是完全有必要的。

2015年哮喘研究的四个领域:基因组学(包括系统生物学和microRNAs)、胎儿期营养、早产和剖腹产与哮喘的关系、哮喘和COPD(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,慢性阻塞性肺疾病)的重叠关系。这四个领域有助于推进对哮喘的理解和开发治疗措施。

1. 基因组学:系统生物学

全基因组关联分析、基因表达和表观遗传学研究了多年,但通过系统生物学努力整合这些数据方法相对较新颖。尽管已经有研究人员讨论应用这些方法研究哮喘,据我们所知第一次是Sharma 和同事使用系统生物学定义哮喘疾病模型。研究人员使用全基因组关联研究数据确定一组引起初始哮喘的基因,然后用基因表达和药物反应数据验证和扩展计算机算出的网络模型。

Sharma和同事发现GAB1信号通路是哮喘和皮质激素治疗反应性的调节因子,携带小干扰RNA敲除GAB1的支气管上皮细胞系NF-κB浓度下降,计算机功能验证网络模型对于验证是有效的,这些模型可以引导新的哮喘治疗研究。

基因组学:microRNAs

基因组学的一个重要领域是microRNAs(小分子核糖核酸),较短的转录模板(15 - 24个碱基对)结合到基因3′端非翻译区调节基因沉默。MicroRNAs不仅在组织中起作用,也调节各个器官之间的信号,通过细胞外外周血中运输。MicroRNAs可以在-80°C的血清或血浆中稳定储存,因此可以量化测量。

一种microRNA可以与很多基因结合,microRNAs在系统生物学研究中特别有用,因为microRNA可以连接表观基因组、转录组和蛋白质组。另外一个优势就是microRNAs 可以为多原子数据网络提供方向性指导,验证这些网络模型功能的直接路径。

虽然目前关于microRNA和哮喘的研究还在起步阶段,已经有一些论文报道microRNAs可预测临床结果。

例如,Wang和同事报道血浆中三种microRNA(miR-Let7C、miR-486和miR-1260a)的浓度在40例儿童哮喘患者体内显著增加,明显高于14例健康对照受试者。miR-1260a也与治疗时间相关:需要长时间治疗的哮喘患者miR-1260a有更高的表达。此外,关闭microRNA-9可能是激素抵抗性哮喘的一个治疗方法,试验显示抑制microRNA-9可增加糖皮质激素受体的核移位,通过增加蛋白磷酸酶2A活性降低气道高反应性。

2. 哮喘与胎儿期营养

与哮喘基因组学特别相关的一个领域是胎儿发育。越来越多的研究认为几种微量营养素包括叶酸、N3脂肪酸、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E和维生素C是胎儿发育期间转录组至关重要的修饰因子,也与后续哮喘等疾病的风险有关。

这些微量元素中维生素D的缺乏在妊娠妇女中最常见,影响全球70%以上的孕妇。因此确定母亲在妊娠期间补充维生素D的最佳剂量和时间和对孕产妇和胎儿健康的影响对哮喘一级预防至关重要。今年有很多研究报道维生素D和哮喘的关系,但高质量的临床研究少之又少。

VDAART( Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial ,产前维生素D减少哮喘试验)直接面对上述疑问,但试验报告目前仍在同行评议中,尚没有可用的新的一级预防数据。其他试验如2015年ViDiFlu试验报道阴性结果,可能是因为维生素D的剂量和予以维生素D的时间选择不是很恰当。目前临床医生有兴趣使用维生素D作为哮喘持续状态的二级预防措施,但这需要新的研究证实。

3. 早产和剖腹产与哮喘的关系

早产、剖腹产和先兆子痫都与孕产妇维生素D减少相关,也与哮喘有关,这暗示两种现象可能存在一个共同原因。

一项纳入31项出生队列147252名儿童的Meta分析研究早产和哮喘/喘息的关系。研究结果发现独立于出生体重,学龄期哮喘与早产相关(OR 1.40,95%CI 1.18-1.67)。

关于早产和喘息之间的联系,其他人也报道了类似的结果。另一个Meta分析表明剖腹产(先兆子痫孕妇常用术式)也与哮喘相关,哮喘的风险增加了20%。

4.哮喘和COPD的重叠关系

最后,患者早年患哮喘,后续可能进展为慢性阻塞性肺病。大多数COPD患者也有哮喘特征,区分这两种功能失调往往是困难的。过去几年来许多报道一直在强调这个问题,Postma和Rabe做了全面回顾。

ACOS(asthma–COPD overlap syndrome,哮喘-COPD重叠综合症)患者通常被临床试验根据其临床特征排除在外,也可能被误诊,从而接受不正确的治疗。最初由Orie提出的Dutch假说指出,成年患者哮喘与慢性阻塞性肺病的区别取决于临床表现,而临床表现受年龄、性别和环境(例如感染和吸烟)影响。

Postma和同事使用现代方法更新这个假说。结果发现,正如Orie建议的,ACOS患者完整的临床表型仍具有极大价值。简单的给患者贴标签,说明患者患哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病或ACOS时已经不再合适,应该使用基因组学和系统生物学方法测量并描述患者的全面特征。最终有必要研究这样的方法明确辨别哮喘和COPD,充分了解哮喘和COPD的独特特点和共性,并定义新的治疗方法。

结语:胎儿发育期饮食调节是预防哮喘和其他复杂疾病的关键,应用系统生物学的方法分析多元数据对于充分了解哮喘进展的生物化学过程是完全有必要的。

ScottT Weiss声明没有利益冲突。

原文出处:

ScottT Weiss. Asthma: a focus on four key areas in 2015. Lancet Respir Med. December 2015.

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    2016-02-18 howi
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688038, encodeId=8bf8168803846, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=577a396e60f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39676, encryptionId=577a396e60f, topicName=呼吸病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f99a28444895, createdName=ms306040998833292, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 05:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828334, encodeId=8ec9182833485, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Feb 18 13:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1707392, encodeId=03bb1e0739204, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25df20e54dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专题#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20754, encryptionId=25df20e54dc, topicName=专题)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1f4231418733, createdName=108807375_62823137, createdTime=Thu Jan 28 04:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61696, encodeId=fcf261696e4, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 28 03:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663415, encodeId=7d8e1663415d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2653396e53b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39675, encryptionId=2653396e53b, topicName=呼吸病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed5525610796, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48953, encodeId=40be48953c1, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48954, encodeId=6209489541d, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606748, encodeId=62ef1606e4825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 13:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44734, encodeId=fdd944e3442, content=这也是研究的方向啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 12:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-01-28 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    好文章

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688038, encodeId=8bf8168803846, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=577a396e60f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39676, encryptionId=577a396e60f, topicName=呼吸病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f99a28444895, createdName=ms306040998833292, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 05:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828334, encodeId=8ec9182833485, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Feb 18 13:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1707392, encodeId=03bb1e0739204, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25df20e54dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专题#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20754, encryptionId=25df20e54dc, topicName=专题)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1f4231418733, createdName=108807375_62823137, createdTime=Thu Jan 28 04:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61696, encodeId=fcf261696e4, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 28 03:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663415, encodeId=7d8e1663415d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2653396e53b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39675, encryptionId=2653396e53b, topicName=呼吸病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed5525610796, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48953, encodeId=40be48953c1, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48954, encodeId=6209489541d, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606748, encodeId=62ef1606e4825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 13:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44734, encodeId=fdd944e3442, content=这也是研究的方向啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 12:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1688038, encodeId=8bf8168803846, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=577a396e60f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸病学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39676, encryptionId=577a396e60f, topicName=呼吸病学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f99a28444895, createdName=ms306040998833292, createdTime=Sun Jun 19 05:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828334, encodeId=8ec9182833485, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Thu Feb 18 13:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1707392, encodeId=03bb1e0739204, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=25df20e54dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#专题#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20754, encryptionId=25df20e54dc, topicName=专题)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1f4231418733, createdName=108807375_62823137, createdTime=Thu Jan 28 04:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=61696, encodeId=fcf261696e4, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Thu Jan 28 03:05:00 CST 2016, time=2016-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1663415, encodeId=7d8e1663415d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2653396e53b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#呼吸病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=39675, encryptionId=2653396e53b, topicName=呼吸病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed5525610796, createdName=ms9833124466084992, createdTime=Wed May 25 03:29:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48953, encodeId=40be48953c1, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48954, encodeId=6209489541d, content=好文章,值得收藏, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sun Dec 27 08:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606748, encodeId=62ef1606e4825, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 13:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44734, encodeId=fdd944e3442, content=这也是研究的方向啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d331664955, createdName=老段, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 12:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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    2015-12-04 老段

    这也是研究的方向啊

    0

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