CHC2018丨糖尿病患者心血管疾病的预防与管理展望

2018-08-06 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

心血管疾病是糖尿病的重要慢性并发症,是导致糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因,糖尿病患者心血管疾病的预防与管理意义重大。2018年8月3日,CHC年会全体大会上,美国疾病预防与控制中心Edward W.Gregg教授就此问题发表专题讲座。

血管疾病是糖尿病的重要慢性并发症,是导致糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因,糖尿病患者血管疾病的预防管理意义重大。2018年8月3日,CHC年会全体大会上,美国疾病预防与控制中心Edward W.Gregg教授就此问题发表专题讲座。



美国疾病预防与控制中心Edward W.Gregg教授

美国及全球糖尿病相关心血管疾病的流行趋势

心血管疾病是糖尿病的重要慢性并发症,Gregg教授2014年发表的流行病学调查研究数据显示,1990~2010年美国糖尿病相关并发症的发病率大幅降低,但因糖尿病患病率持续增加,疾病负担仍非常大。Burrows NR等2018年发表的最新研究数据表明,1998~2014年美国糖尿病成人中年龄标化的心血管疾病住院率显著降低,这可能与新的或更积极治疗方法、心血管危险因素及心血管疾病发病率的降低有关。另有研究发现,与1988~1994年相比,2010~2015年美国糖尿病成人的全因死亡率显著降低,且这主要归因于心血管疾病相关死亡率的下降。不容乐观的是,近年来糖尿病并发症的发病年龄呈现年轻化,45~64岁中年人群所占比例明显增加。

糖尿病相关心血管疾病的经验教训及新问题

回顾过去,美国糖尿病相关心血管疾病的预防和管理取得一定的成绩但仍有很大的提高空间,防控形式仍不乐观。一方面,糖尿病患者心血管危险因素控制及依从性均有很大改善。具体来说,其血糖、血压及血脂控制达标率均显著增加;患者对治疗及监测的依从性有所提高。但另一方面,上述危险因素未达标者的比例仍较高,均达标者的比例较低;吸烟这一危险因素的控制并不理想,吸烟率仍较高。此外,不容乐观的是糖尿病传统并发症的发病在中年人群中显著增加。



需强调,糖尿病相关心血管疾病的预防及管理还面临一些新问题。首先,流行病学调查发现,与总人群及非糖尿病人群中慢性肾脏疾病患病率呈减低趋势不同,糖尿病人群中慢性肾脏疾病的患病率呈不断增加趋势;慢性肾脏疾病无疑增加糖尿病患者全因死亡率及心血管死亡率。其次,1980~2000年出生的年轻糖尿病患者结局及流行趋势更加糟糕。具体来说,这一代人更多伴有肥胖、心血管危险因素管理状况不佳(吸烟率较高、血压及血糖控制不佳)以及心血管疾病住院及死亡率改善不大。再次,从2010~2015年的数据来看,包括心血管疾病在内的各种糖尿病并发症的发病率呈现反弹迹象。最后,目前,世界上大多数地区的相关数据仍比较缺乏,而全球多样化及不平等性为糖尿病相关心血管疾病的预防和管理提出巨大挑战。



Gregg教授总结中指出,1990~2010年多种糖尿病并发症的发病呈现降低趋势,尤以大血管并发症降低最显著。进一步分析显示,糖尿病相关并发症的改善主要归因于老年糖尿病患者,相对年轻患者的预防及管理现状则较差;且传统糖尿病并发症的发病主体由老年人群向中年人群转变。

此外,慢性肾脏疾病的流行、青年人群危险因素改善及管理方面的滞后、近年来所呈现出发病率反弹迹象以及全球多样性及不平等性等问题为未来糖尿病相关并发症的防控带来巨大挑战。未来,我们需持续改善糖尿病的管理及二级预防,积极开展监测及临床有效性的相关研究,将有效的风险分层与多因素综合预防方法相结合积极做好预防工作。

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    2018-08-08 mei536
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    2018-08-07 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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    2018-08-07 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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    2018-08-06 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2018-08-06 131****1460

    *学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-08-06 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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