Science:精神分裂症重大发现--DISC-1基因可能很关键

2015-07-27 何嫱 生物通

科学家们发现了一个他们认为是精神分裂症“罗塞塔石碑 ”(Rosetta Stone)的基因,揭示其发挥了至关重要的作用,这一基因有可能是解码与精神分裂症相关的所有基因功能的一把钥匙。这一突破性的研究揭示出了大脑发育早期阶段一个脆弱的时期,研究人员希望未来能够靶向它来逆转精神分裂症。在发表于《科学》(Science)杂志上的一篇论文中,来自卡迪夫大学的神经科学家们描述他们揭示出了一个基因对确保大脑健

科学家们发现了一个他们认为是精神分裂症“罗塞塔石碑 ”(Rosetta Stone)的基因,揭示其发挥了至关重要的作用,这一基因有可能是解码与精神分裂症相关的所有基因功能的一把钥匙。


这一突破性的研究揭示出了大脑发育早期阶段一个脆弱的时期,研究人员希望未来能够靶向它来逆转精神分裂症。

在发表于《科学》(Science)杂志上的一篇论文中,来自卡迪夫大学的神经科学家们描述他们揭示出了一个基因对确保大脑健康发育发挥了从前未知的作用。

这一基因被称作为DISC-1。过去的一些研究表明当发生突变时,DISC-1是包括精神分裂症、严重抑郁症和双相情感障碍等精神疾病的一个高风险因子。

这项新研究的目的旨在确定在大脑发育的早期,DISC-1是否与其他蛋白发生了互作,影响了大脑在成年后调整其结构和功能的能力。

以往的研究证实,许多负责生成突触蛋白的基因与精神分裂症和其他的脑疾病之间有着紧密的关联,然而直到现在都还不清楚其背后的原因。

卡迪夫大学生物科学学院Kevin Fox教授领导研究小组,发现为了确保大脑突触的健康发育,DISC-1基因首先必须与另外两个分子“Lis”和“Nudel”结合。

在小鼠实验中,他们证实在大脑发育的早期阶段采用一种蛋白质释放药物他莫昔芬(Tamoxifen)来阻止DISC-1结合这些分子,会使小鼠生长至成年期时大脑缺乏可塑性,阻止了大脑最大区域中的皮质神经元细胞形成突触。由此,损害了形成连贯思维及正确感知世界的能力。

在大脑完全形成之时阻止DISC-1结合“Lis”和“Nudel”分子,则不会对它的可塑性造成任何影响。研究人员成功地精确确定了在出生后一周,即大脑发育早期的7天窗口期时,DISC-1无法结合“Lis”和“Nudel”会对生命后期的大脑可塑性造成不可逆的影响。

Fox说:“我们认为DISC-1是精神分裂症的罗塞塔石碑基因,其有可能是开启我们认识精神分裂症所有风险因子作用之门的主钥匙。”

“我们对于这一基因的认识有着极其巨大的潜力。我们发现了大脑发育过程一个关键时期,将指引我们去测试发现是否还有其他的、影响大脑不同区域的精神分裂症风险基因在它们自身的关键期造成了它们的功能失常。”

“未来的挑战是要找到一种方法在这一关键期治疗人们,或是找到一些方法在成年期通过恢复大脑可塑性来逆转这一问题。我们希望在将来这将帮助阻止精神分裂症症状出现或是复发。”

卡迪夫大学神经科学与心理卫生研究所所长Jeremy Hall说:“这篇论文提供了强有力的实验证据表明,生命早期的细微改变会在成年期造成更大的影响。这帮助解释了早期生命事件提高精神分裂症一类成人精神疾病风险的机制。”

全球有大约1%的人口受累于精神分裂症,在英国估计有63.5万人在生命的某个阶段受到这一疾病的影响。每年精神分裂症给社会带来的负担达到约118亿英镑。

精神分裂症的症状可以极具破坏性,对个体的日常工作、维持人际关系,及照顾自身和他人的能力造成很大的影响。

原始出处:

Greenhill SD, Juczewski K, de Haan AM, Seaton G, Fox K, Hardingham NR.NEURODEVELOPMENT. Adult cortical plasticity depends on an early postnatal critical period.Science. 2015 Jul 24;349(6246):424-7. 

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    2015-07-29 jichang
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    2015-07-29 yankaienglish
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    2015-07-27 午夜星河

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