Clinical Nutrition: 蛋白质摄入对肾移植后骨骼肌质量变化的影响

2022-08-19 xuyihan MedSci原创

肌少症(sarcopenia)又称肌肉减少症,是一种与年龄相关的老年综合症,其特征在于肌肉质量、力量和功能的逐渐丧失,并且是老年人衰弱、残疾和死亡的强有力因子。

肌肉减少症是一种以进行性的全身性骨骼肌质量减少的综合征,与不良后果风险相关,包括跌倒、身体残疾、住院、生活质量。原发性肌肉减少症与年龄相关,而继发性肌肉减少症与活动相关、营养相关和疾病相关。多种潜在因素,包括慢性炎症、代谢性酸中毒、过度分解代谢、营养摄入减少、尿液和透析液中的营养流失以及缺乏运动,会导致慢性肾脏病 (CKD) 患者的肌肉质量减少和肌肉功能受损。肾移植 (KT) 是终末期肾病 (ESKD) 的首选肾脏替代疗法,可提供更好的健康相关生活质量,在肾移植受者 (KTR) 中,KT前的肌肉减少症与死亡率、移植失败和术后手术并发症有关。由于成功的KT恢复肾功能能够纠正或改善许多导致CKD诱导的肌肉减少症的生理和代谢异常。

先前的研究报道,KTR的肌肉质量在移植后早期和晚期都会增加,厌食和低蛋白摄入在CKD患者中很常见,有时在CKD的早期阶段就已经存在,并随着肾功能的恶化而恶化。尽管KTR患者的食欲通常会急剧增加,并且从饮食限制中解放出来,但其中一些人从CKD的透析前阶段就已经开始了低蛋白饮食,这种低蛋白质摄入量可能导致骨骼肌质量下降。KT后蛋白质摄入对骨骼肌质量的影响仍不清楚。因此,本研究旨在检查骨骼肌质量变化与KTR中蛋白质摄入量的关系。

为此,研究人员在KTR和肾脏供体人群 (LKD) 中进行了一项队列研究。在KT前和KT后1个月和12个月使用生物电阻抗分析测量骨骼肌质量指数 (SMI) 。在KT后12个月,使用 24小时尿素氮计算蛋白质摄入量。为了评估KT后第一年蛋白质摄入量与SMI变化之间的关联,研究人员对KT前的年龄、性别、累积糖皮质激素、累积住院、糖尿病和 SMI 等协变量进行了多变量回归分析。

研究结果显示在KTR (n=64) 中,中位SMI在KT前为7.26kg/m2,在KT后1个月降至7.01kg/m2,在KT后12个月增加到7.55kg/m2。在 LKDs (n=17) 中,中位SMI在KT 前为 6.24kg/m2,在KT后1个月增加到6.40 kg/m2,在KT后12个月进一步增加到 6.95kg/m2 。KT后1年内SMI的变化与调整后的蛋白质摄入量呈正相关(p=0.015)。

本项研究证实在KTR中,蛋白质摄入不足会对KT后骨骼肌质量损失的恢复产生不利影响。因此,对于患有骨骼肌质量损失的 KTR,医生建议蛋白质摄入量需至少超过0.72 g/kg/天。

原始出处:

AkihiroKosoku. et al. Influence of protein intake on the changes in skeletal muscle mass after kidney transplantation. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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    2022-08-20 zll0628

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