ADVANCE研究全新分析:糖尿病患者应用ACEI短期肌酐增加≥30%或不应停药?

2019-09-20 佚名 中国循环杂志

高血压和蛋白尿是肾脏病进展的独立危险因素,而血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)类药物可通过作用于肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)来改善肾脏血流动力学,有效降低尿蛋白,改善高血压预后,比如多项研究显示,培哚普利有助于显着改善慢性肾病患者蛋白尿,降低慢性肾病患者肾功能衰竭发生率[1-2]。鉴于ACEI全面的心肾保护作用,不论是中国糖尿病肾病防治指南[3],还是新近欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)发

高血压和蛋白尿是肾脏病进展的独立危险因素,而血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)类药物可通过作用于肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)来改善肾脏血流动力学,有效降低尿蛋白,改善高血压预后,比如多项研究显示,培哚普利有助于显着改善慢性肾病患者蛋白尿,降低慢性肾病患者肾功能衰竭发生率[1-2]。

鉴于ACEI全面的心肾保护作用,不论是中国糖尿病肾病防治指南[3],还是新近欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)发布的糖尿病/糖尿病前期指南[4]均推荐ACEI作为糖尿病合并高血压患者的首选降压药物之一。

不过糖尿病患者在开始治疗后,若血肌酐急性增加≥30%建议停用,但也有研究认为,这种血肌酐的急性增加是预测长期肾脏获益的因素,那么继续使用和停用对临床长期转归到底有何影响?

发表在Hypertension上的ADVANCE研究的一项最新分析[5]显示,虽然2型糖尿病患者启动ACEI后初期短期血肌酐急性增加≥30%会增加不良预后风险,但持续使用ACEI还是有益的,有助于降低远期主要不良临床转归。

研究者认为,在启动ACEI治疗后,血肌酐急性增加与之后复合终点事件风险增高相关,但不论血肌酐急性增加否,继续ACEI治疗会改善远期临床转归。使用ACEI,还是不要因噎废食。

研究显示,使用ACEI的患者5%在入组后3周出现血肌酐增加≥30%,平均增加2.4 μmol/L。

出现血肌酐增加的患者主要是女性,有更高的血糖和估算肾小球滤过率,以及更快的心率。

就血肌酐水平的变化而言,研究显示入组前使用ACEI类药物的患者,其肌酐水平就已升高,随机分组后,使用ACEI者血肌酐水平也比安慰剂组高。

不过无论前3周血肌酐如何变化,服用ACEI组和安慰剂组,1年内均趋于稳定。

血肌酐急性升高后随后增加包括主要心血管事件、新发肾病或肾病恶化以及全因死亡组成的复合终点事件风险(Ptrend<0.001)。

具体与血肌酐增加<10%相比,血肌酐增加10%~19%组、增加20%~29%组、≥30%组上述复合终点事件风险分别增加11%、34%和44%。

但继续使用ACEI治疗,与安慰剂组相比,会显着降低上述复合终点事件的发生风险(HR=0.89,95%CI:0.81~0.89),和全因死亡风险(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.75~0.97),而且不同急性血肌酐增加的亚组获益无异质性(Pheterogeneity=0.94)。



图1 随机入组3周前血肌酐急性增加的不同亚组随访4.4年临床转归

研究者还根据入组时估算肾小球滤过率水平和AECI使用情况进行评估,结果也支持继续用药。

这项研究共纳入11066例糖尿病患者,平均年龄66岁,42.5%为女性,32.1%入组时伴有大血管病史;平均估算肾小球滤过率为75 ml/(min·1.73 m2),中位尿白蛋白肌酐比值为15.0 μg/mg(7.1~39.8),估算肾小球滤过率<60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)者占21.7%。

受试者在6周导入期后随机分为两组培哚普利-吲达帕胺组和安慰剂组,并在导入期前和期间(间隔3周)检测了血清肌酐水平。并由此判定急性肌酐增加并分为<10%、10%~19%、20%~29%、≥30%四组。

培哚普利-吲达帕胺组在导入期,分别给予2 mg培哚普利和0.625 mg吲达帕胺;在随机分组后3个月分别调整为4 mg和1.25 mg。

新发肾病或肾病恶化定义为,出现大量白蛋白尿,血肌酐加倍至≥200μmol/ L,肾脏替代治疗或肾死亡。

中位随访4.4年,991例发生大血管事件,296例新发肾病或肾病恶化,869例死亡。

参考文献:

[1] de Galan BE, Perkovic V, Ninomiya T, et al. Lowering blood pressure reduces renal events intype 2 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2009, 20(4): 883-892.

[2] Hoy WE, Wang Z, Baker PR, et al. Reduction in natural death and renal failure from asystematic screening and treatment program in an Australian Aboriginal community. Kidney Int Suppl, 2003, (83): S66-73.

[3] 中华医学会糖尿病学分会微血管并发症学组. 中国糖尿病肾脏疾病防治临床指南. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2019, 11(1) : 15-28.

[4] Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. Eur Heart J. 2019 Aug 31. pii: ehz486.

[5] Ohkuma T, Jun M, Rodgers A, et al. Acute Increases in Serum Creatinine After Starting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Therapy and Effects of its Continuation on Major Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hypertension, 2019, 3(1): 84-91.

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    2020-03-31 shanyongle
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    2019-09-22 俅侠
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    2019-09-22 yinhl1980
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    2019-09-20 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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    2019-09-20 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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