中国更新STEMI指南:建立区域救治网络,不建议急诊干预非梗死动脉

2015-06-09 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

近期中华医学会心血管病学分会更新了《急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南》,上一版指南是2010年公布的。新一版指南在理念上有了进一步提高,结合了我国近期工作和过去一段时间的研究成果,做出了适合目前国情的推荐。比如,指南指出,建立区域协同救治网络和规范化胸痛中心,通过远程无线系统提前将心电图传输到相关医院,对确诊急性STEMI患者进行现场分诊,优先可行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的医院,可

近期中华医学会心血管病学分会更新了《急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南》,上一版指南是2010年公布的。

新一版指南在理念上有了进一步提高,结合了我国近期工作和过去一段时间的研究成果,做出了适合目前国情的推荐。

比如,指南指出,建立区域协同救治网络和规范化胸痛中心,通过远程无线系统提前将心电图传输到相关医院,对确诊急性STEMI患者进行现场分诊,优先可行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的医院,可送入心导管室行直接PCI,不经过急诊室和冠心病监护病房。这正是中华医学会心血管病学分会倡导的理念,而我国向定成教授等在这方面做出了可贵的探索。

指南建议,对有适应证的STEMI患者需要静脉内溶栓。但特别说明了“有条件”时可在救护车上开始溶栓。

溶栓失败者尽早实施挽救性PCI,无症状或血液动力学稳定患者不推荐紧急PCI没有争议。但指南也建议,溶栓成功者应尽快将患者转运至能够进行PCI的医院,并在3~24 h行冠状动脉造影和血运重建治疗,这虽与欧美指南一致,但在中国能否实施还是个未知数。

指南还建议,根据我国国情,可以将有资质的医生请到有PCI设施的医院,这部分工作经沈卫峰教授在上海进行的研究证实可行。

经桡动脉路介入治疗是中国的一大特色,中国90%以上的PCI操作均经桡动脉路径完成,由于接受急诊PCI的患者常接受较强的抗血小板和抗凝治疗,新指南推荐急诊PCI时应优先采用经桡动脉路径。

尽管导管血栓抽吸能否改善远期预后尚需研究,指南建议,尤其当IRA粗大、完全阻塞或血管内存在较大血栓负荷时,建议使用导管血栓抽吸。

近期,关于急诊PCI时处理非梗死血管有非常大的争议,但指南不建议对非梗死血管进行血管重建,因为“一旦非梗死血管出现慢血流或无复流,将很可能导致循环衰竭,危及生命。”沈卫峰教授指出。

韩雅玲院士领导的BRIGHT研究也写入了指南,该研究证实,在接受直接PCI的患者中,PCI术中和术后持续使用比伐芦定可减少出血事件,对缺血事件无影响。

指南也指出,心梗救治是一个综合管理工程,需要行政管理部门、区域救护系统、医院以及患者的共同参与和协作。包括,通过媒体公益宣传和社区人群教育,使患者早期识别心肌梗死症状,并在发生疑似心肌梗死症状(胸痛)后,及时就医或呼叫救护中心等。

原始出处:

中华医学会心血管病学分会, 中华心血管病杂志编辑委员会.急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死诊断和治疗指南.中华心血管病杂志,2015,43:380-393.

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    2015-12-27 忠诚向上

    有内容很值得学习

    0

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    2015-10-30 周虎
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    2015-06-12 da1215225

    有用

    0

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    2015-06-09 Messichen1992

    culprit trial的结果好像支持干预?

    0

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    2015-06-09 huaxipanxing

    看看

    0

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背景:大多数比较经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的试验并未没有使用第二代药物洗脱支架。研究方式:我们在东亚的27个研究中心进行了随机非劣性试验,我们计划将1776名有多支冠状动脉疾病的患者随机分配做有依维莫司药物洗脱支架的PCI术或CABG术。我们观察的主要指标是术后病人死亡率、心肌梗塞的发生率、术后2年后高靶血管血运重建发生率,这些指标我们将在长期的随访调查中进行

EuroPCR 2015:[高润霖院士]阜外介入治疗左主干病变三年死亡率仅4.2%

5月19-22日,欧洲血运重建大会(EuroPCR)在法国巴黎隆重召开,全球1.2万名学者及医生云集在此,共享这一全球介入盛会。高润霖院士在大会上介绍了阜外心血管病医院左主干病变PCI治疗的3年随访结果。 高院士指出,PCI治疗左主干病变具有较低的支架内血栓形成、血运重建和死亡发生率,但应避免用于SYTAX评分>32分的患者。而且,术者经验对临床预后有很大影响,应给予高度重视。 该研究纳

如何权衡不同双联抗血小板疗程的利弊?

《内科学年鉴》(Ann Intern Med)于5月26日发表了一项有关双联抗血小板治疗的荟萃分析。该研究主要探索了药物洗脱支架介入术后双联抗血小板治疗的适宜疗程。 研究者指出虽然人们开展了大量双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)的临床试验,但对于药物洗脱支架(DES)介入术后DAPT疗程存在争议,即DAPT疗程究竟长一些还是短一些更好。为解答这个问题,研

JACC:PCI后长期双重抗血小板治疗的益处和风险

    背景  和更稳定的一些治疗方法相比,长期双重抗血小板治疗急性心肌梗死(MI)的益处和风险 可能是不同的。    意义  本研究旨在评价对有MI患者接受冠状动脉支架植入术后双重抗血小板治疗12个月和30个月的益处和风险。    方法  这项双重抗血小板治疗的研究,是一项随机双盲,安慰剂对照试验,比较冠状

NEJM:多支病变时PCI术(洗脱支架)与CABG术如何抉择?

背景:多数试验和研究表明,冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)相比经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),能够降低长期死亡率。但是这些研究分析并未评估使用第二代药物洗脱支架的PCI术。研究方式:在一项观察性的注册研究中,我们比较接受CABG术或使用依维莫司药物洗脱支架的PCI术的患有心血管疾病的患者,观察的主要指标是由各种原因引起的死亡率,观察的次要指标是患者心肌梗塞、中风和血运重建的发生率。我们使用倾向得分分

NEJM:血栓切除术,做还是不做?( TOTAL试验)

背景:在主要经皮冠状动脉脉介入治疗即PCI治疗中,手动血栓切除术可以减少远端血栓的存在从而改善微循环灌注,小规模试验表明血栓切除术可以改善替代治疗和临床效果,但是稍复杂的试验则会出现有争议的临床结果。研究方式:我们随机分配10732位ST段抬高型心肌梗死即STEMI的患者接受两种治疗:常规PCI治疗(对照组)和进行手动血栓切除术后进行PCI术(即实验组)。我们关注的主要指标是:心血管疾病原因导致的