一文读懂:氨磺必利治疗中国精神分裂症患者的剂量与浓度

2022-08-26 网络 网络

不同疗效的患者需要不同剂量和浓度的氨磺必利。

在精神分裂症的治疗中,非典型抗精神病药正在逐渐取代典型的抗精神病药。作为一种针对D2、D3和5-HT7受体的非典型抗精神病药,氨磺必利因其显著的临床疗效而备受青睐,尤其是它对认知和情绪症状的改善以及较少的代谢副作用的特点。同时,由于其特殊的药理特性,使得氨磺必利与其他抗精神病药联合用于治疗精神分裂症时能发挥出更好的疗效。例如,氨磺必利联合阿立哌唑比单用阿立哌唑对于改善精神分裂症患者的一般精神症状、工作记忆更有效。

不仅如此,氨磺必利联合其他抗抑郁药还可能在改善阴性和阳性症状方面发挥着重要作用。即使是对奥氮平无效的精神分裂症,氨磺必利联合奥氮平仍能取得不错的效果,这充分说明了氨磺必利是治疗一部分精神分裂症的较好选择。

在一项对32种抗精神病药物疗效的网络荟萃分析中,结果发现氨磺必利在总体症状变化中排名第二,在阳性症状变化中排名第一,在阴性和抑郁症状变化中排名第三。这再度表明氨磺必利可能是一种有价值的抗精神病药物。

氨磺必利的疗效很大程度上取决于患者的血液药物浓度水平,因为药物浓度能够预测患者的临床疗效和药物不良反应,如锥体外系反应(EPS)。虽然氨磺必利很少引起EPS,但当血药浓度超过其阈值320ng / ml时,诱发EPS的风险将会增加。当然,EPS的发生也与年龄相关,研究发现50 mg/d的氨磺必利是在年龄大于75岁的人群中达到疗效的较合适剂量,若将剂量增加到75 mg/d则可能会增加EPS的风险,尤其是在85岁以上的低体重人群中。

氨磺必利的剂量范围很广,可从50-1200mg/d,药物使用剂量和血药浓度水平密切相关,可是由于机体转化过程中差异性的存在,药物剂量并不能代表血液中药物的实际浓度。在临床实践中,尤其是在中国患者中,大多数接受抗精神病药治疗的患者在临床疗效最佳时表现出较高浓度的氨磺必利,而对氨磺必利无效的患者往往血液中药物浓度水平比较低。也就是说对于对氨磺必利有效的患者,或许他们需要更高剂量或浓度的氨磺必利呢?

中国专家共识建议氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症初始剂量为200-400mg/d,一周内逐渐增至600-1200 mg/d。达到目标治疗剂量后,再继续治疗观察6~8周,期间定期评价疗效和安全性。目标治疗剂量可根据疗效和不良反应适当调整。在中国的ESCAPE研究中,提出了800 mg/d 的推荐剂量和1200 mg/d的最大剂量,可惜一样没有提出适合的血液浓度水平。国外研究的氨磺必利血药浓度推荐范围为100-320 ng/ml,可事实上中国患者的氨磺必利血药浓度水平相对高于推荐范围,大多数精神分裂症或分裂情感障碍患者的氨磺必利血药浓度水平为445.2±231.5 ng/mL。

此外,不同疗效的患者需要不同剂量和浓度的氨磺必利。对反复出现阴性症状的患者的有效治疗剂量通常为400-600mg/d。对于阳性症状,初始剂量为200-400mg/d,一周内逐渐增加到600-1200mg/d,再根据疗效和耐受性定量。在对我国194名精神分裂症患者的研究中,发现氨磺必利剂量为100-1200 mg/d,血药浓度为20-1280 ng/mL,所有对药物有效的患者平均药物最低浓度为457±214 ng/mL,平均最高浓度为637±211 ng/mL,但遗憾的是缺少对不良反应的观测,因此若不考虑药物不良反应,那么对于中国精神分裂症患者的最佳治疗窗口可能为457-637 ng/mL。

参考文献

Sun F, Yu F, Gao Z, et al.Study on the relationship among dose, concentration and clinical response in Chinese schizophrenic patients treated with Amisulpride. ASIAN J PSYCHIATR. 2021-08-01;62:102694.

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    2022-08-27 yangchou

    好文章,学习了。

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    2022-08-26 小小医者

    #氨磺必利#治疗#精神分裂症#,老药也不可以小视哦

    0

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