Lancet Diabetes Endo:磺脲类药物在临床实践中还有地位吗?

2022-05-27 贾朝娟 环球医学

磺脲类药物已经使用了多半个世纪,但其有效性和安全性仍然充满争议。如今,新型降糖药层出不穷,磺脲类还有临床应用的价值吗?

磺脲类药物已经使用了多半个世纪,但其有效性和安全性仍然充满争议。如今,新型降糖药层出不穷,磺脲类还有临床应用的价值吗?2018年10月,发表在《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》的一篇综述,对这一问题进行了探讨。

磺脲类药物自20世纪50年代开始商业化,但它的使用仍然存在争议。一些观察性研究显示磺脲类药物有不良血管结局,引起人们的担忧。但近期强有力和高质量的系统评价结果表明,同其他活性治疗相比,磺脲类药物的全因死亡率没有增加。

来自UK Prospective Diabetes Study和ADVANCE等大型多中心随机对照试验,已证实了磺脲类的微血管获益,肾病和视网膜病变的发生率或恶化减少,全因死亡率并没有增加,尽管尚不能证实这些获益是否由于磺脲类药物治疗还是总体降糖作用。

在TOSCA.IT试验中,磺脲类同吡格列酮的对比,也证实了磺脲类药物的疗效和心血管安全性。随机对照试验的研究者报告,磺脲类药物会增加低血糖和体重增加风险;但来自观察性研究的数据表明,服用磺脲类药物的患者中严重低血糖的发生率低于服用胰岛素的患者,而在大型队列研究中磺脲类药物的体重增加相对适度。

80%的糖尿病患者生活在低中收入国家,因此处方降糖治疗时,磺脲类药物的有效性、可负担性和安全性是特别重要的考虑因素。正在进行的新药头对头研究结果,例如CAROLINA研究中格列美脲与利格列汀的比较,GRADE研究中各种疗法(包括磺脲类)血糖控制效果的比较,将决定磺脲类药物在2型糖尿病患者降糖治疗方案中的地位。

原始出处:

Khunti K, Chatterjee S, Gerstein HC, et al. Do sulphonylureas still have a place in clinical practice? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Oct;6(10):821-832. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30025-1. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

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    2019-04-30 docwu2019
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    2018-12-13 howi
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