medRxiv: A型血更容易感染,O型血风险更低

2020-03-18 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.20031096v1 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.11.20031096v1

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情正在全球肆虐。日前,复旦大学附属华山医院感染科主任张文宏教授发文称,中国已经迈过至暗时刻,但是现在欧洲突然成为疫情的新中心,给我们带来巨大的不确定性。按照当前全球的抗疫

新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情正在全球肆虐。日前,复旦大学附属华山医院感染科主任张文宏教授发文称,中国已经迈过至暗时刻,但是现在欧洲突然成为疫情的新中心,给我们带来巨大的不确定性。按照当前全球的抗疫情况,本场疫情在今年夏天结束基本已经不可能。


此前临床研究表明,年龄和性别是COVID-19易感性的两个危险因素。也就是说,老年人和男性更容易感染且疾病发展更严重。然而,到目前为止还没有发现可以预测COVID-19易感性的生物学标志物。

近日,来自武汉市金银潭医院、武汉大学人民医院、深圳市第三人民医院等机构的研究人员从血型角度出发,试图找出ABO血型与COVID-19易感性的联系。先前已有病毒感染的易感性与血型相关的研究。如诺如病毒和乙型肝炎有明确的血型敏感性,也有报道称O型血的人被SARS冠状病毒感染机会较低。

这项新研究发现,A型血的人更容易感染,O型血的人相对风险更低。相关研究以“Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility”为题发表在预印本平台medRxiv(未经同行评审)上。值得注意的是,这是首个新冠病毒(SARS-Cov-2)感染和血型关系的研究。

具体来说,研究人员共纳入1775例武汉金银潭医院COVID-19患者(包含206例死亡病例)、113例武汉大学人民医院COVID-19患者、285例深圳第三人民医院COVID-19患者的ABO型血液样本,并以武汉3694名和深圳23386名正常人最近两次ABO血型分布调查作为对照组。

统计分析采用的方法是单因素方差分析 (one-way ANOVA)和双尾(2-tailed)卡方检验。作者还采用随机效应模型(REM),对不同医院的数据进行Meta分析,置信区间为95%,并且计算了OR值。

结果显示,武汉市3694名正常人的ABO血型百分比分别为,A型32.16%、B型24.90%、AB型9.10%、O型33.84%。

武汉市金银潭医院的1775例COVID-19患者的ABO血型百分比分别为,A型37.75%、B型26.42%、AB型10.03%、O型25.80%。


数据表明,COVID-19患者中A型血的比例显着高于正常人,前者为37.75%,后者为32.16%。而患者中O型血的比例明显低于正常人,前者为25.80%,后者为33.84%。从OR值来看,A型血为1.279(95%置信区间1.136-1.440),O型血为0.680(95%置信区间0.599-0.771)。

在死亡病例中,也出现类似的结果。206例死亡患者的A型、B型、AB型、O型组分别为41.26%、24.27%、9.22%、25.24%。

同样,在武汉大学人民医院的113例COVID-19患者(样本量太小,未达到统计学意义),发现相似的风险分布。

而深圳方面,23368名正常人的ABO血型百分比分布分别为,A型28.77%、B型25.14%、AB型7.32%和O型38.77%。对深圳第三人民医院的285例COVID-19患者进行分析后发现,ABO血液百分比分布分别为,A型28.77%、B型29.12%、AB型13.68%和O型28.42%。

同样,O型血的感染风险显着降低(OR=0.627;95%CI 0.484〜0.812)。此外,AB血型感染风险增加(OR=2.008; 95%CI 1.427〜2.824)。另外,285名患者的平均年龄为45.1 + 18.6岁,其中包括147名男性和138名女人。不同ABO血型之间的患者年龄无显着差异组(F = 0.135;P = 0.939)。

接下来,研究人员调查年龄和性别这两个危险因素是否会影响COVID-19患者的ABO血型分布。已知ABO血型的分布没有性别和年龄偏好。通过分析9万多名正常人的血型,发现A型、B型、AB型和O型在不同年龄组和不同性别中所占的比例基本相同。因此,研究人员以武汉地区3694名正常人的ABO血型分布为对照,与不同年龄组和性别组进行比较。他们将武汉市金银潭医院和武汉大学人民医院的所有患者合并为3个年龄组(40岁以下、41-59岁、60岁以上),共1888例患者,3个年龄组的ABO血型分布无变化。同样,COVID-19患者分别考虑男性和女性时,ABO血型分布变化不大。


总结来说, 不同血型人群感染SARS-CoV-2的相关风险也不同。A型血与风险增加相关,而O型血与风险降低相关。

该研究成果还需要进一步研究来证明,但其对于临床有着积极的意义:

(1) A型血患者可能需要特别加强个人防护以减少感染的机会;

(2) A型血患者感染SARS-CoV-2可能需要更警惕的监测和积极的治疗;

(3)作为SARS-CoV-2感染管理的常规部分,在患者和医务人员中引入ABO血型分型可能会有所帮助。

原始出处:
Jiao Zhao,et al. Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility.medRxiv.Posted March 16, 2020

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