PNAS:正念冥想能够激活免疫反应,可用来防治免疫相关疾病

2022-03-12 中国生物技术网 中国生物技术网

冥想作为一种行为干预的非药理学手段可以有效改善免疫反应,从而治疗各种与免疫系统紊乱相关的疾病。

冥想(也称正念冥想)是一种精神“锻炼”的方法,距今已有数千年的历史。但从上世纪70年代才开始在西方普及。近几十年来,公众对冥想的关注度日益飙升,因为它已经成为一种帮助人们改善睡眠、控制专注力、减轻压力和提高整体幸福感的流行方法。

2011年,哈佛医学院 Sara Lazar 等人首次证实为期8天的冥想可以使与记忆、自我意识、同理心和压力相关的大脑区域发生可测量的变化。


之后,越来越多的研究证明冥想不仅改变了大脑的生理和基因表达,而且对生理和心理疾病都能产生有益影响,包括肠易激综合征、纤维肌痛、银屑病、焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍等。

然而,冥想是如何影响与疾病发病机制直接相关的生物学过程还没有进行过全面研究。

近日,美国佛罗里达大学等机构的研究人员在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上发表了一项题为:Large-scale genomic study reveals robust activation of the immune system following advanced Inner Engineering meditation retreat 的研究论文。

该研究发现冥想练习在不激活炎症信号的情况下增强了免疫功能。这一结论表明冥想可以成为一种有效的无药物行为干预手段,用于治疗与免疫系统减弱相关的各种疾病。


在开始这项研究之前,佛罗里达大学医学院的神经科学家 Vijayendran Chandran 已经完成了他自己的48天冥想计划,他每天在家冥想练习大约20分钟。

尽管每天只练习了20分钟,但48天的冥想让他感觉思维更清晰也变得更加专注。总之就是,感觉好极了。因此,他决定更深入地探索冥想对健康有益的确切分子机制。

起初,研究人员假设冥想可能会影响与疾病发病机制直接相关的内在转录网络,而不仅仅是改变几个单独基因的表达。因此,与免疫系统活动有关的生物途径是关键。

在这项研究中,研究人员招募了104名平均年龄40岁的男性和女性志愿者,参加了田纳西州一个科学研究所进行的高阶8天冥想静修。

在冥想前的5到8周,研究人员多次采集了所有参与者的血液样本,包括冥想前的5到8周,冥想开始前一天,以及冥想结束后三个月。


在为期8天的冥想静修期间,所有参与者都食用了纯素食饮食,并且每个人都遵循有规律的睡眠时间表。冥想在沉默中进行,每天持续10小时。

在冥想结束三个月后,研究人员发现参与者对氧化应激的反应、解毒和细胞周期调节途径被下调。冥想后中性粒细胞相对比例升高,同时伴随干扰素(IFN)途径活性升高。他们通过基因共表达网络分析发现,上调和下调的基因与冥想显著相关。

引人注目的是,与免疫反应直接相关的220个基因,包括68个与干扰素信号相关的基因被上调。众所周知,干扰素信号途径通过触发先天和适应性免疫反应的复杂调节系统来防御病原体和疾病,在免疫功能中发挥着关键作用。


鉴于干扰素有效地充当免疫系统的触发器,研究人员认为,这种信号传导可能是建立对各种健康状况(包括癌症、多发性硬化症甚至新冠肺炎)有效防御的关键。


几乎所有(97%)的干扰素“反应基因”在冥想后被激活,而根据来自新冠肺炎患者的公开基因活性数据显示,在轻症患者中,这一数字是76%,而重症患者只有31%。


他们还发现,虽然深度冥想后炎症信号基因活性保持稳定,但该信号在新冠肺炎重症患者中会显著增强。

研究人员指出,即使考虑到饮食和睡眠模式,冥想对参与者基因活性的明显影响仍然存在。


以前的许多研究已经探讨了冥想对心理和生理健康的积极联系。这项研究通过确定冥想对健康起到保护作用的潜在机制,对这一领域的文献做出了巨大贡献。


这项研究不能断言在家冥想的普通人会完全体验到这项研究中看到的‘免疫增强’。然而,考虑到冥想练习对提高幸福感的大量实证,在家冥想很可能也会体验到某种程度的益处。


总之,这项研究为理解冥想的治病功能提供了分子基础,并表明冥想作为一种行为干预的非药理学手段可以有效改善免疫反应,从而治疗各种与免疫系统紊乱相关的疾病。


参考文献:

https://www.pnas.org/content/118/51/e2110455118

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn3916

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    2023-04-05 侠胆医心 来自上海
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    2022-09-26 drwjr
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    2022-03-19 良姜

    学习了

    0

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