JAAD:JAK抑制剂治疗特应性皮炎的临床试验中老年人的代表性不足

2022-03-12 医路坦克 MedSci原创

老年人约占特应性皮炎(AD)患者的13%。因此AD治疗的临床试验需要充分包括65岁以上的成年人,但老年人在许多疾病的临床试验中的代表性往往偏低,本文就这一情况进行了研究。

老年人约占特应性皮炎(AD)患者的13%。因此,AD治疗的临床试验需要充分包括65岁以上的成年人,以确保他们使用的药物的安全性和有效性性在他们的年龄组中得到了明确的评估。不幸的是,老年人在许多疾病的临床试验中的代表性往往偏低,包括系统性AD疗法(硫唑嘌呤、甲氨蝶呤、霉酚酸酯)。JAK抑制剂(JAKI)最近已被食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗AD;因此,这些药物在老年人群中进行充分的试验是当务之急。

2021年12月23日,本文评估Jaki治疗AD的第二阶段和第三阶段临床试验的年龄范围和纳入和排除标准。

对五个Jaki地区成人的32个II期和III期临床试验进行了综述。公布了18项试验的人口统计数据,总共有8,520名参与者。11项研究报告了他们的研究参与者的平均年龄,从32.5岁到46.0岁不等。9项试验报告的参与者年龄超过65岁的比例从2.1%到8.0%不等。在大多数这些试验中(7/9),老年人占研究人群的5%。有10项试验报告了年龄上限(65岁、70岁或75岁)。大多数试验(87.5%)都有一份声明,以某种形式指出,某些未指明的实验室异常或医疗状况可能会由研究人员酌情排除参与者,这一标准可能会排除许多老年人。

尽管大多数试验没有明确排除老年患者的年龄上限,但65岁以上的试验参与者人数较少,这表明老年人的代表性不足可能是由于模糊的排除标准或在招募和留住老年患者方面的困难。鉴于这些排除性疾病的流行率随着年龄的增加而增加,即使没有规定年龄上限,许多老年人也可能被排除在试验之外。虽然临床试验不应该让患者面临不必要的风险,但使用常见的合并症和低年龄截止期可能会过度规避风险。

JAK抑制剂也用于治疗类风湿性关节炎(RA)。在50岁以上的RA患者中,托法替尼在主要血管事件和恶性肿瘤(不包括角质形成细胞癌)方面不如肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂。由于RA患者比AD患者有更多的并存情况,我们不能根据这些数据对AD老年人将如何反应或耐受新的选择性JAKI做出明确的假设。因此,必须特别评估JAKI在老年AD人群中的风险和益处。

JAKi和其他AD免疫调节药物试验需要积极努力招募和留住老年人进行研究。只有这样,皮肤科医生才能获得在治疗AD老年人时进行循证治疗选择所需的人群特异性数据。

文献来源:

 Sreekantaswamy SA,  Tully J,  Edelman LS,The Underrepresentation of Older Adults in Clinical Trials for JAK Inhibitors to Treat Atopic Dermatitis.J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Mar 01;

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