NEJM Evid:Ravulizumab用于抗AchR抗体阳性重症肌无力效果持久有效(CHAMPION MG研究)

2022-05-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

全身性重症肌无力 (gMG) 是一种罕见的、慢性的、使人衰弱的自身免疫性疾病,由神经肌肉传递受损引起。它的特点是易疲劳的肌肉无力,具有显着致残的临床后果,包括复视、上睑下垂、构音障碍、吞咽困难、呼吸困

全身性重症肌无力 (gMG) 是一种罕见的、慢性的、使人衰弱的自身免疫性疾病,由神经肌肉传递受损引起。它的特点是易疲劳的肌肉无力,具有显着致残的临床后果,包括复视、上睑下垂、构音障碍、吞咽困难、呼吸困难、极端疲劳和行动不便。MG 的持续功能障碍和负担及其治疗对患者进行日常生活活动 (ADL) 的能力和生活质量有重大影响。此外,控制不充分疾病可能使患者容易出现临床恶化,包括危及生命的肌无力危机。因此,管理 MG 的主要目标是保持对疾病活动的持续控制并尽量减少相关症状。

异常补体激活是 gMG 患者发病机制的主要效应机制。大多数 gMG 患者(约 85%)具有针对突触后乙酰胆碱受体 (AChR) 的自身抗体。抗 AChR 抗体的结合导致激活经典补体级联反应,形成末端补体复合体(膜攻击复合体),并随后破坏神经肌肉接头的突触后膜。 

用于治疗 gMG 的免疫抑制疗法可抑制免疫反应的细胞介质,但大多数起效缓慢且不直接针对补体系统。 此外,糖皮质激素和其他免疫抑制疗法的长期治疗可能与 严重的副作用。一种有效的补体靶向治疗,具有良好的给药方案,具有可接受的副作用和不良事件特征,并且可以持续控制 gMG 中的持续疾病活动,这将是一种有价值的治疗选择。 抑制终末补体激活以防止抗 AChR 抗体阳性 gMG18 患者的神经肌肉接头破坏已被证明可改善临床结果,且对难治性 gMG 患者没有治疗限制性副作用。

Ravulizumab 是一种人源化单克隆抗体,以高亲和力特异性结合人末端补体蛋白 C5,防止神经肌肉传递中断,可能是通过抑制膜攻击复合物介导的神经肌肉接头破坏。 Ravulizumab 的设计目的是在较长(8 周)的给药间隔内维持治疗性血清浓度。Ravulizumab用于治疗阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿症(PNH)、非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征(aHUS)和抗AchR抗体阳性重症肌无力(gMG)。

来自阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿症和非典型溶血性尿毒症综合征的 3 期研究的证据表明,以 8 周的间隔给药 ravulizumab 可提供即时和完全的终末期 C5 补体抑制在整个给药间隔期间持续存在,具有可接受的副作用和不良事件特征。 因此,我们预计每 8 周给药一次的 ravulizumab 将持续控制 gMG 的疾病活动。

Ultomiris(Ravulizumab)300mg长效C5补体抑制剂适应阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症

研究设计

这是一项 3 期、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心试验(CHAMPION MG); 入组经过 2 至 4 周筛选期后,符合条件的患者在基线(第 1 天)被随机分配(1:1)接受 ravulizumab 或安慰剂治疗 26 周。 使用交互式响应技术对患者进行集中随机分配,并按地区(北美、欧洲、亚太地区和日本)对随机化进行分层。 在完成为期 26 周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验期(随机试验期;本文报告了其结果)后,患者可以进入试验的延长期并接受开放标签的 ravulizumab 治疗 长达4年。

抗 AChR 抗体阳性 MG、18 岁或以上、体重 40 kg 或以上的患者如果符合以下标准,则符合试验条件:筛查前 6 个月或以上诊断为 MG; a 美国重症肌无力基金会在筛选时将 II 至 IV 级临床分类 23; 重症肌无力-日常生活活动 (MG-ADL) 量表总分 24 在筛选和随机化时为 6 分或更高; 筛选时抗 AChR 抗体的血清学检测呈阳性,由中心实验室使用配体结合试验确定。 要求患者在开始使用试验药物前 3 年内接种过脑膜炎球菌感染疫苗。 在整个随机试验期间,允许使用稳定剂量的免疫抑制疗法(包括口服糖皮质激素)或胆碱酯酶抑制剂。如果患者患有活动性或未经治疗的胸腺瘤、胸腺癌或胸腺恶性肿瘤病史(除非被认为通过充分治疗治愈且筛选前 5 年或更长时间没有复发证据)、胸腺切除术史在 12 筛选前几个月,脑膜炎奈瑟菌感染史,随机分组前 4 周内使用静脉内免疫球蛋白或血浆置换,筛选前 6 个月内使用利妥昔单抗,或先前使用补体抑制剂(例如依库珠单抗)治疗。

静脉注射ravulizumab(拉武珠单抗)或安慰剂。 Ravulizumab 的剂量基于患者的体重。 患者在基线(第 1 天)接受初始负荷剂量的 ravulizumab(2400、2700 或 3000 mg)或安慰剂,然后在第 15 天(第 2 周)接受维持剂量的 ravulizumab(3000、3300 或 3600 mg)或安慰剂 之后每 8 周一次。 在整个试验过程中,如果患者出现症状恶化或临床恶化,则研究中止。

主要终点是 26 周时 MG-ADL 总分相对于基线的变化。 在 26 周评估了五个分层次要终点:QMG 总分与基线相比的变化、QMG 总分的响应者分析(从基线改善 5 分或更多)、MG-QOL15r 评分从基线的变化、从基线的变化 Neuro-QoL 疲劳评分和 MG-ADL 总分的响应者分析(从基线提高 3 分或更多)。 在拉武珠单抗和安慰剂之间比较了所有终点。 对于 QMG 和 MG-ADL 总分改善的响应者分析,预定终点比分别公布的 3 分和 2 分的 MCID 更为保守(需要更大的改善)

研究结果

Figure 1

从 2019 年 3 月到 2020 年 11 月,在 13 个国家的 85 个中心招募并随机分配了 175 名患者接受治疗:86 名患者(49%)接受雷维珠单抗治疗,89 名患者(51%)接受安慰剂治疗(图 1)。 基线人口统计学和临床特征是平衡的(表1)。 总体而言,51% 的患者为女性,平均年龄为 56 岁,大多数患者 (54%) 体重为 60 至 100 公斤。 MG 诊断的平均年龄为 46 岁,诊断后的平均时间为 10 岁(中位数,6.5 岁;范围,0.5-39.5 岁)。 与美国 MG 患者人群的预期相比,该试验人群略年轻,黑人或非裔美国人的参与者比例低于预期

基线 MG-ADL 和 QMG 总分主要表明 ADL 的轻度至中度损害(中位 MG-ADL 评分,9;范围,6-24)和轻度至中度疾病严重程度(中位 QMG 评分,15;范围,2-39) .

大多数患者(90%)在基线时正在接受免疫抑制治疗; 47% 正在接受两种或多种免疫抑制疗法。总体而言,162 名患者 (93%) 完成了 26 周的试验

ravulizumab 组从基线到第 26 周的平均 MG-ADL 变化的最小二乘估计为 -3.1(95% CI,-3.8 至 -2.3)和 -1.4(95% CI,-2.1 至 -0.7)安慰剂组(P<0.001)(图2A和表2)。 图 S2 提供了按地理区域从基线到第 26 周的平均 MG-ADL 变化的森林图; 所有地区的点估计都支持拉武珠单抗。 ravulizumab 组平均 QMG 变化的最小二乘估计值为 -2.8(95% CI,-3.7 至 -1.9),安慰剂组为 -0.8(95% CI,-1.7 至 0.1)(P<0.001) (图 2C 和表 2)。

Figure 2

在治疗 1 周内观察到使用 ravulizumab 的 MG-ADL 和 QMG 评分的改善并持续到治疗 26 周(分别为图 2A 和 2C)。

ravulizumab 组 76 名患者中的 27 名(35.5%)和安慰剂组 78 名患者中的 10 名(12.8%)在第 26 周时的 QMG 评分改善了 5 分或更多(调整后的百分比:30.0% [ 分别为 95% CI,19.2 至 43.5] 与 11.3% [95% CI,5.6 至 21.5],P=0.0052;拉武珠单抗/安慰剂的调整相对风险:2.7 [95% CI,1.4 至 5.3])

26 周时 MG-QOL15r 评分和 Neuro-QoL 疲劳分量表评分较基线变化的额外次要终点不符合统计学意义(两组 MG-QOL15r 评分变化的差异无统计学意义,并且作为 终点经过分层测试,未报告神经生活质量疲劳的显着性)

ravulizumab 组和安慰剂组发生不良事件或研究者认为与试验药物有关的不良事件的患者比例相似

研究结论:

Ravulizumab 为抗 AChR 抗体阳性 gMG 成人患者提供了快速、有效的治疗,具有可接受的副作用和不良事件特征。该试验的结果——报告末端补体抑制对 gMG 的影响的第二个 3 期试验——证实了补体在 gMG 发病机制中所起的关键作用,并证明 ravulizumab 的作用机制旨在减少异常补体激活,可以提供抗 AChR 抗体阳性 gMG 的早期和持续治疗,而没有其他治疗经常观察到的严重副作用。

原始出处:

Tuan Vu, et al.Terminal Complement Inhibitor Ravulizumab in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis.NEJM Evid 2022; 1 (5) DOI:https://doi.org/10.1056/EVIDoa2100066

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    2022-07-01 snf701207
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    2022-05-04 小元

    NEJM上果然牛,感谢梅斯更新及时

    0

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