BMJ述评:急性抑郁症——选择抗抑郁药还是选择认知行为疗法?

2015-12-09 sunshine 译 MedSci原创

抑郁症是引起全球发病率和死亡率的一个重要的且被低估的疾病,是导致残疾的第二大病因,10%的残疾是由抑郁症所引起的。全球每年100万的自杀人群中,一半以上的人患有抑郁症。虽然报告指出初级保健中重度抑郁症的发病率约为10%,但是对于哪种循证治疗是最有效的仍尚未清楚。

抑郁症是引起全球发病率和死亡率的一个重要的且被低估的疾病,是导致残疾的第二大病因,10%的残疾是由抑郁症所引起的。全球每年100万的自杀人群中,一半以上的人患有抑郁症。虽然报告指出初级保健中重度抑郁症的发病率约为10%,但是对于哪种循证治疗是最有效的仍尚未清楚。

Amick及其同事发表了一篇对比认知行为疗法(CBT)和抗抑郁药物疗法,分别治疗初发重度抑郁症效果的系统回顾和荟萃分析。结果发现二者在治疗效果上并无实质性差异。这与既往的荟萃分析结果基本一致,尽管这次仅局限于二代抗抑郁药。作者强调,尽管此研究方法学严谨,但是研究人员仅回顾了11项试验,共涉及1511名患者。治疗的两个主要结果(症状缓解和反应)分别是基于3项和5项研究试验;作者认为对比这两种治疗方法效果的现有的证据等级为低到中等强度。

有些人会质疑这些试验中并没有设置安慰剂组,但是,我们确有令人信服的证据证实抗抑郁药的治疗中/重度抑郁症的效果优于安慰剂治疗,正如此系统性回顾中所示一样。使用安慰剂对比试验在心理治疗上存在方法学的挑战,而且对于中度至重度抑郁症患者使用安慰剂可能存在道德上的质疑。尽管试验缺乏了安慰剂对照,但是事实上,经CBT治疗后的结果与经二代抗抑郁药治疗后的结果相似,这可作为证明CBT的治疗效果优于安慰剂治疗的间接证据。

更有趣的是,试验发现,与抗抑郁药相比,一旦治疗停止CBT治疗可更好的防止抑郁症的复发。虽然并没有得到统计上的肯定,但是这一发现提示患者可与治疗师合作制定个性化的CBT治疗方法。考虑到抑郁症的复发率很高,这个有意义的发现或可表明CBT是预防抑郁症复发的有效治疗方法。如果继续服用抗抑郁药,抑郁症的复发率可能与CBT治疗后的复发率相似,但是有些患者却倾向于选择心理治疗。

最终,对于此分析结果,病人和医生会同时感到安慰和失望。令人安慰的原因是,这两种治疗方法如果仅可获得其中一种,那么选择性则不会影响患者改善、缓解或耐受治疗的机会。令人失望的原因是,该研究结果的证据水平确实十分有限。解决这个问题的方法便是多进行试验。缺乏良好的对比证据的部分原因是因为心理治疗试验对于患者和研究人员来说需要付出更多的劳动。此外,还因为,与制药公司通常从新药的积极试验中获得收益相比,在一般情况下,没有人会从积极结果的昂贵的心理治疗试验中取得显著的收益。

讨论中作者提到一个令人兴奋的新发现,发现可有助于识别接受CBT治疗反应效果更好的潜在的生物标志物。尽管该研究的规模较小、期限较短、偏倚较大,但是我们希望更大更好的研究继续探究此生物标志物或其他的生物标志物,最终带来更好的靶向治疗方法。

与此同时,政策制定者必须认识到WHO的预测:到2030年,重度抑郁症将成为导致全球疾病负担的首要疾病,需要采取有效措施加以预防。这些措施应包括努力纠正重度抑郁症的社会因素,如贫困、缺乏教育,以及在学校提供改善心理健康的课程。教育学生掌握基本的CBT或其他干预措施,如正念,以预防抑郁症状的出现,而不是依靠症状出现后立马治疗。最终,这些措施可以减少这重度抑郁症所造成的财政、个人以及人际关系的负担,同时为其他精神健康服务和治疗释放资源。

原始出处:

Mark Sinyor, Mark Fefergrad et al.. Cognitive behavioural therapy or antidepressants for acute depression? BMJ 2015; 351 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h6315.


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    2016-11-05 wetgdt
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    2016-03-17 gaoxiaoe
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2075987, encodeId=2d4720e59870c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1329003e13' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#行为疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90037, encryptionId=b1329003e13, topicName=行为疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5319428, createdName=jjjiang0199, createdTime=Mon Feb 15 08:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1722426, encodeId=52f81e22426b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ff5549865a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54986, encryptionId=7ff5549865a, topicName=抑郁药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78fa33270286, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Nov 05 21:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709809, encodeId=f45b1e0980907, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6d591262e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知行为#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91262, encryptionId=d6d591262e9, topicName=认知行为)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=250931794284, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sat Oct 15 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847804, encodeId=6f8c184e8049e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 09:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48591, encodeId=6f2148591b4, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1337691, encodeId=ef83133e69174, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bf019126469' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知行为疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91264, encryptionId=bf019126469, topicName=认知行为疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f07c2500133, createdName=12498adam40暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 05:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492142, encodeId=6d2f1492142b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7999553333c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗抑郁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55333, encryptionId=7999553333c, topicName=抗抑郁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a59b8920619, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 05:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得看。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2075987, encodeId=2d4720e59870c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1329003e13' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#行为疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90037, encryptionId=b1329003e13, topicName=行为疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5319428, createdName=jjjiang0199, createdTime=Mon Feb 15 08:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1722426, encodeId=52f81e22426b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ff5549865a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54986, encryptionId=7ff5549865a, topicName=抑郁药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78fa33270286, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Nov 05 21:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709809, encodeId=f45b1e0980907, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6d591262e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知行为#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91262, encryptionId=d6d591262e9, topicName=认知行为)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=250931794284, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sat Oct 15 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847804, encodeId=6f8c184e8049e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 09:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48591, encodeId=6f2148591b4, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1337691, encodeId=ef83133e69174, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bf019126469' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知行为疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91264, encryptionId=bf019126469, topicName=认知行为疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f07c2500133, createdName=12498adam40暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 05:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492142, encodeId=6d2f1492142b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7999553333c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗抑郁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55333, encryptionId=7999553333c, topicName=抗抑郁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a59b8920619, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 05:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2075987, encodeId=2d4720e59870c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b1329003e13' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#行为疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90037, encryptionId=b1329003e13, topicName=行为疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5319428, createdName=jjjiang0199, createdTime=Mon Feb 15 08:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1722426, encodeId=52f81e22426b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ff5549865a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54986, encryptionId=7ff5549865a, topicName=抑郁药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78fa33270286, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Sat Nov 05 21:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709809, encodeId=f45b1e0980907, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d6d591262e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知行为#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91262, encryptionId=d6d591262e9, topicName=认知行为)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=250931794284, createdName=ms4468361851264128, createdTime=Sat Oct 15 06:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1847804, encodeId=6f8c184e8049e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2977356edc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMJ#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3567, encryptionId=2977356edc, topicName=BMJ)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=148754, createdName=gaoxiaoe, createdTime=Thu Mar 17 09:37:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=48591, encodeId=6f2148591b4, content=好文章,值得看。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=124, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bc301610909, createdName=hixiaoluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 26 17:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1337691, encodeId=ef83133e69174, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bf019126469' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#认知行为疗法#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91264, encryptionId=bf019126469, topicName=认知行为疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f07c2500133, createdName=12498adam40暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 05:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1492142, encodeId=6d2f1492142b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7999553333c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗抑郁#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55333, encryptionId=7999553333c, topicName=抗抑郁)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a59b8920619, createdName=wushaoling, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 05:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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