村卫生室发生医疗纠纷 卫生院承担民事赔偿责任 是这样吗?

2019-02-22 徐毓才 健康界

前两篇我们分别讨论了村卫生室法人和村医转正两个大问题,实际上按照甘肃省卫生和计划生育委员会关于进一步完善乡村医疗机构一体化管理工作的通知(以下简称《通知》) 的政策规定,其中与之相伴随的还不得不直面四大考验,即 医疗纠纷民事赔偿、乡村医生工资调整与发放、村医出诊等工作过程中发生意外的处置与工伤鉴定以及乡村医生的退休与养老保障 等。下面我们用四篇文章分别讨论。今天先看第一篇:医疗纠纷民事赔偿。医疗纠

前两篇我们分别讨论了村卫生室法人和村医转正两个大问题,实际上按照甘肃省卫生和计划生育委员会关于进一步完善乡村医疗机构一体化管理工作的通知(以下简称《通知》) 的政策规定,其中与之相伴随的还不得不直面四大考验,即 医疗纠纷民事赔偿、乡村医生工资调整与发放、村医出诊等工作过程中发生意外的处置与工伤鉴定以及乡村医生的退休与养老保障 等。
下面我们用四篇文章分别讨论。今天先看第一篇:医疗纠纷民事赔偿。
医疗纠纷由谁赔偿?
按照《通知》规定,2019年3月底前,全省所有村卫生室作为乡镇卫生院的派出机构,实行乡村一体化管理。乡镇卫生院与所辖村卫生室为同一法人,村卫生室不再为独立法人单位,只设立负责人。
村卫生室与乡镇卫生院合为一体,实现行政、业务、人员、药械、财务、绩效考核“六统一”为主要内容的乡村一体化管理模式。所有村医与乡镇卫生院签订聘用劳动合同,身份由个体转变为乡镇卫生院临聘职工。
这也就是说,村卫生室实际上已经变成了乡镇卫生院的一个“科室”,不再是一个独立的“医疗机构”,村医也变成了乡镇卫生院的“职工”,尽管是“临时聘用”的,其作为村卫生室的“负责人”也只相当于乡镇卫生院的科室主任或科室负责人,在法律意义上也不独立对外开展业务。
尽管《通知》中并没有明确村卫生室发生医疗纠纷或医疗侵权损害责任赔偿案件后到底是由村卫生室赔偿还是卫生院赔偿,但实际上诸多医疗纠纷处理的法律法规已经给出了比较一致的规制。
医疗纠纷赔偿或医疗侵权损害责任赔偿都针对的是“医疗机构”,辖区村卫生室发生医疗纠纷或医疗损害,卫生院就必须承担经济赔偿责任。
《侵权责任法》第五十四条规定, 患者在诊疗活动中受到损害,医疗机构及其医务人员有过错的,由医疗机构承担赔偿责任。
第五十五条规定, 医务人员在诊疗活动中应当向患者说明病情和医疗措施。需要实施手术、特殊检查、特殊治疗的,医务人员应当及时向患者说明医疗风险、替代医疗方案等情况,并取得其书面同意;不宜向患者说明的,应当向患者的近亲属说明,并取得其书面同意。医务人员未尽到前款义务,造成患者损害的,医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。
第五十七条规定, 医务人员在诊疗活动中未尽到与当时的医疗水平相应的诊疗义务,造成患者损害的,医疗机构应当承担赔偿责任。
至于医疗机构赔偿后,对当事人或负责人如何处罚则是依法赔偿后的另一回事。
如果卫生行政部门判定或认定构成“医疗事故”,可以按照《医疗事故处理条例》对村卫生室负责人以及当事人进行处罚,这种处罚主要是暂停执业、吊销执业证书等行政责任追究;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
这么做行不行?这涉及至少两个问题:
一是卫生院受得了吗?
由于每个乡镇所辖村卫生室比较多,而村医的医疗服务能力、水平参差不齐,医疗安全防范意识不强,再加上当前的医疗执业环境较差,村卫生室本身的医疗风险比较大,因此发生医疗纠纷的概率较大。
如果辖区卫生室发生的纠纷都由乡镇卫生院承担赔偿责任,恐怕卫生院受不了。
网友“医路顺风”就留言:安徽省寿县一开始实行乡村医疗一体化时,村卫生室法人由乡镇卫生院院长担任,后来其中一个卫生室发生医疗纠纷,卫生局便紧急通知全县所有卫生室更换医疗机构执业许可证,将卫生室执业许可证法人由卫生院院长变更为卫生室室长!
这耐人寻味!
二是村医会不会因为自己不承担赔偿责任更加不负责任?
当然这种情况可能会有,但不会很普遍。因为,几乎所有的医生在面对生命时,都不会不尽心,这是人性起码的底线要求。
但绝对不能排除,因为由于自己无需承担法律意义上的赔偿责任而将从前可以自我消化掉的医疗纠纷因为其他原因,放任变成医疗纠纷,这就不好说了。
而这些可能遇到的问题,不知道甘肃省卫计委在出台《通知》时是否考虑过?也不知道在出台《通知》时是否请律师或法律顾问参与审查过。
总之,《通知》潜在的风险是显而易见的,不管事先是否考虑过、审查过,事实也许就是这样的。
由此可以想到,为什么国务院在鼓励各地积极推进乡镇卫生院和村卫生室一体化管理时,明确提出“在不改变乡村医生人员身份和村卫生室法人、财产关系的前提下”,这显然是经过深思熟虑的。而类似的医改政策实际上并不少。
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    2019-04-10 wmr121
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    2019-11-19 syscxl
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    2019-02-24 ewsr5

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