盘点:抗菌药物使用的近期研究一览

2017-09-16 lishiting MedSci原创

合理使用抗菌药物应有效地控制感染,争取最佳疗效,并预防和减少抗菌药物的不良反应,注意合适的剂量和疗程,避免产生耐药菌株。在此,小编整理了近段时间关于抗菌药物使用的相关研究一览。【1】Ann Pharmacother:急诊科抗菌药物管理干预对改善患者结局是否有意义?2017年9月,发表在《Ann Pharmacother》的一项由加拿大科学家进行的系统评价,考察了急诊科实施抗菌药物管理干预能否改善患

合理使用抗菌药物应有效地控制感染,争取最佳疗效,并预防和减少抗菌药物的不良反应,注意合适的剂量和疗程,避免产生耐药菌株。在此,小编整理了近段时间关于抗菌药物使用的相关研究一览。

【1】Ann Pharmacother:急诊科抗菌药物管理干预对改善患者结局是否有意义?

2017年9月,发表在《Ann Pharmacother》的一项由加拿大科学家进行的系统评价,考察了急诊科实施抗菌药物管理干预能否改善患者结局。

这篇研究是为了改善抗菌药物使用,已经推荐在急诊科(ED)发展和实施抗菌药物管理项目。本评价的首要目的为描述急诊科中抗菌药物管理(AMS)的特征,识别可改善患者结局或治疗过程和/或降低抗菌药物使用的干预措施。

研究检索了Medline、Embase、治疗及相关健康文献累积索引、Scopus和Web of Science数据库,截止日期为2016年11月。评估急诊中AMS干预措施的随机对照试验、非随机对照试验、对照和非对照前后研究、中断时间序列分析、重复测量研究都纳入到本评价中。排除英语以外语言的研究。

结果显示,总共43项研究符合入组标准。患者或医生教育和指南或临床路径实施为最常报道的干预措施。很少有研究报道了评估和反馈,没有研究评估预先授权。干预措施的影响显示了不同的结果。在识别具体获益的时候,AMS干预措施的获益主要包括医疗护理的改善或抗菌药使用的减少;然而,多数研究的偏倚风险未知或较高。

研究表明,急诊科中AMS干预措施可改善患者治疗。然而,干预措施的最佳组合未知。需要更严格设计的评估AMS项目核心元素的研究,包括前瞻性评估和反馈。(文章详见--Ann Pharmacother:急诊科抗菌药物管理干预对改善患者结局是否有意义?

【2】JAMA Intern Med:如何增加抗菌药合理处方率?

2017年8月,发表在《JAMA Intern Med》的一项由荷兰科学家进行的抗菌药物管理的独特方法(DUMAS)参与式干预研究,考察了医院中合理抗菌药处方的行为干预效果,并发现使用保留处方者主动性的行为方法会增加抗菌药处方合理性。

这篇研究旨在考察基于行为理论和关注保留处方者自主性和参与度的抗菌药管理方法对于改善医院抗菌药处方合理性是否有效。

研究采用荷兰抗菌药管理的独特方法(DUMAS)是一项前瞻性阶梯性的参与式干预研究,该研究于2011年10月1日~2015年12月31日进行。在16个月的基线期和12个月的干预期测量结局。研究在荷兰一家三级医疗中心和一家综合教学医院的7个临床科室(2个内科,3个外科,2个儿科)进行。研究期间,医生为科室中患者的任何适应证开具全身性抗菌药处方都纳入到本研究中。

结果显示,基线期评估了总共1121名使用700个抗菌药处方的患者病例,干预期评估了882例使用531个抗菌药处方的患者病例。平均抗菌药合理性从干预开始时的64.1%增加到12个月随访期的77.4%(+13.3%;相对风险,1.17;95% CI,10.4~1.27),斜率无改变。抗菌药消耗量未观察到降低。

研究表明,使用保留处方者主动性的行为方法会增加抗菌药合理性,并维持至少12个月。该方法是廉价的,并容易应用到各种医疗环境。(文章详见--JAMA Intern Med:如何增加抗菌药合理处方率?

【3】J Clin Periodontol:全身抗菌药物辅助牙周治疗对代谢综合征的影响:一项随机临床试验

研究基础牙周治疗(BPT)与抗菌药物(AM)对代谢综合征(MetS)的指标(腰围,收缩压/舒张压[BP],HDL-胆固醇,甘油三酯,葡萄糖)的影响。

没有已知合并症和未知MetS的110例牙周炎患者被随机分配到BPT(n = 56)或BPT + AM(n = 54)两个组,治疗后12个月随访。确定了无MetS患者数。

结果显示,所有患者的牙周病情况改善;然而,BTP + AM组显示比BPT组探诊深度减少明显。治疗后,收缩压(p <0.05)和甘油三酯(p <.05)在随访期间显着降低。 BPT + AM和BPT组之间无明显差异。尽管没有自我报告的合并症,但27.2%(n = 30)牙周炎患者治疗前符合MetS标准。治疗后,3个月(p = .007),这一比例变为14.5%,6个月时为17.3%(p = 0.017),12个月随访时为21.8%(p = .383)。

研究表明,虽然观察到收缩压和甘油三酯的降低以及整个代谢状态的暂时改善,但是使用抗微生物剂与BTP结合不会在MetS指标方面产生任何额外的改善。(文章详见--J Clin Periodontol:全身抗菌药物辅助牙周治疗对代谢综合征的影响:一项随机临床试验

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    2017-09-18 lhlxtx
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971548, encodeId=015319e1548f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Fri Feb 16 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330604, encodeId=b367133060404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 01:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373035, encodeId=383313e3035f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 01:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244629, encodeId=e12f2446292e, content=谢谢分享.学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 12:28:01 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244614, encodeId=4c8524461404, content=好好学习.多看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:50:43 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244608, encodeId=76de244608e2, content=不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:47:11 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244604, encodeId=8f0c244604d3, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:41:44 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-16 laoli

    谢谢分享.学习了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971548, encodeId=015319e1548f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Fri Feb 16 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330604, encodeId=b367133060404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 01:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373035, encodeId=383313e3035f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 01:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244629, encodeId=e12f2446292e, content=谢谢分享.学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 12:28:01 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244614, encodeId=4c8524461404, content=好好学习.多看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:50:43 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244608, encodeId=76de244608e2, content=不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:47:11 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244604, encodeId=8f0c244604d3, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:41:44 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-16 忠诚向上

    好好学习.多看看

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971548, encodeId=015319e1548f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Fri Feb 16 05:33:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330604, encodeId=b367133060404, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 01:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373035, encodeId=383313e3035f0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Sep 18 01:33:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244629, encodeId=e12f2446292e, content=谢谢分享.学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLC1BMzZWdMSPQWuib6BtQGicK8ygGBM6YakpfkRc67soFSuKbZr86enL1KggQZEZbgWSeicJibafmYfQ3AibicIHMwwicmDShfRFvvI38/0, createdBy=272a110164, createdName=laoli, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 12:28:01 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244614, encodeId=4c8524461404, content=好好学习.多看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:50:43 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244608, encodeId=76de244608e2, content=不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:47:11 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=244604, encodeId=8f0c244604d3, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Sat Sep 16 10:41:44 CST 2017, time=2017-09-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-09-16 中医痴

    不错的.学习了.谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-09-16 smartxiuxiu

    好!

    0

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Br J Clin Pharmacol:妊娠期使用哪些抗菌药物与重大先天畸形风险相关?

2017年7月,发表在《Br J Clin Pharmacol》的一项由加拿大科学家进行的基于人群的队列研究,考察了妊娠期使用抗菌药物与重大先天畸形风险之间的相关性。