保胎成功率85%以上,环孢霉素A为什么有那么神奇吗?

2023-04-25 生殖圈 生殖圈 发表于浙江省

1983年,CsA作为一种免疫抑制药物投入大规模临床应用中,开创了“器官移植的时代”。在使用过程中,有研究者发现,肾移植术后服用CsA的妇女大多能顺利产下健康胎儿,后代发育也没有受到明显的影响。

环孢霉素A(Cyclosporine A,CsA)是Jean F.Borel于1972年从真菌中提取出来的环状多肽化合物,能抑制钙调素-钙神经蛋白信号通路。环孢素A(Cyclosporin A,CsA)自20世纪70年代应用于临床以来,作为免疫抑制剂发挥了极其重要的作用;是目前公认的肝肾等器官移植后抑制免疫排斥反应最为有效的药物之一。CsA能通过竞争性地与细胞浆内的环孢亲和素(Cyclophilin)结合蛋白结合,从而显示T淋巴细胞的抑制效应。此外作为免疫抑制剂对某些自身免疫性疾病的治疗也已取得肯定的疗效。

1983年,CsA作为一种免疫抑制药物投入大规模临床应用中,开创了“器官移植的时代”。在使用过程中,有研究者发现,肾移植术后服用CsA的妇女大多能顺利产下健康胎儿,后代发育也没有受到明显的影响。

在一次文献阅读周会上,复旦大学附属妇产科医院的生殖免疫团队也观察到了这一有意思的发现。

1、莫非环孢素A真的有保胎功能?

带着这个疑问,他们开始了对这个药物的探索。

“从基础做到临床,我们做了近20年。”杜美蓉教授在采访中感慨地说到。经过长期的探索发现,环孢素A对妊娠有良性的调节作用。低浓度的CsA能够明显抑制滋养细胞凋亡,并促进其增殖、迁移与侵袭。

例如,动物试验发现,在着床期给予低剂量CsA治疗后,可抑制母系淋巴细胞对父系抗原的反应性,诱导利于妊娠维持的Th2型免疫偏离及CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞(Treg)产生,从而降低妊娠失败模型孕鼠的胚胎吸收率,改善其妊娠预后[1]。

因此,环孢素A不仅仅是免疫抑制剂,还可能作为保胎药治疗原因不明的复发性流产。

在近期举办的全国生殖免疫学大会上,杜美蓉教授汇报了研究团队的临床实践成果:“10年间,我们收集了2000多例应用环孢素A治疗复发性流产的病例,保胎成功率85%以上,至今尚未发现严重母胎并发症。”

那么,环孢素A在流产领域的具体应用指征究竟是什么?杜教授认为“对不明原因的反复自然流产和反复着床失败,在对明确因素进行治疗之后,并在排除恶性肿瘤和严重感染的情况下,可以考虑短疗程(不超过1个月)、低剂量应用环孢素A。”

这其中强调的是:排除禁忌证、短疗程、低剂量。这样不仅能保证药物安全性,而且经济低廉。

更令人感兴趣的是,有研究发现:对试管婴儿反复着床失败的患者,环孢素A也有促进怀孕的作用。这意味着,这一粒小小的“移植药”,不仅有望拯救无数复发流产的妇女,而且可能化身为辅助生育领域的神奇药丸,造福千万不孕家庭。

2、环孢素A在妇产科生殖领域的拓展应用

复发性流产的原因有七种:染色体因素、内分泌因素、免疫因素、解剖因素、感染、环境及药物因素、原因不明。其中免疫因素是最主要的因素!

mmexport1515212546750.jpg

免疫因素在复发性流产的因素中占比65%,复发性流产的机制与免疫耐受异常有密切关系,在免疫异常的患者中用静注人免疫球蛋白针、糖皮质激素、肝素、阿司匹林,纷乐等药物治疗,有近80%抱婴率,然而仍有很多患者会继续流产。

正常生理妊娠类似于同种异体移植,胚胎作为自然的同种移植物不受母体免疫排斥, 这种母胎界面的免疫豁免现象是免疫排斥现象的唯一例外,实际上反映了正常妊娠时母体免疫系统对胚胎的免疫耐受。而妊娠失败多因母体对胚胎的免疫排斥所致。研究发现,于孕早期(胚胎着床期)腹腔注射CsA,可恢复小鼠妊娠失败模型母-胎界面Th1/Th2细胞因子转录水平免疫调节的生理平衡, 形成维持正常妊娠所需的Th2型免疫偏倚,并诱导外周免疫细胞对父系抗原的免疫耐受,使流产模型的妊娠预后达到正常妊娠水平; 有研究在前期动物实验工作基础上,探讨CsA 是否可以调节不明原因反复自然流产患者外周血Th2型细胞因子IL-4与Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ的分泌和对CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞treg的调控作用, 结果表明CSA的应用在降低母胎界面促炎分子的水平,维持母胎界面细胞因子向Th2型体液免疫偏倚,以及升调节treg细胞发挥母胎界面的免疫耐受作用发挥重要意义。

除外环孢素在母胎界面的抑制作用,体外实验还证实CsA可刺激人早孕期滋养细胞生长,并改变其细胞形态,使其迁移能力及侵袭性增强。CsA在一定的较低浓度范围内对母胎界面具有良好的调节作用。反复自然流产等妊娠失败多属母体对胎儿的免疫排斥,合并细胞滋养细胞增殖及侵袭力的降低,凋亡细胞增多,环孢素A在母-胎免疫调节中可能起双重调节作用,既可抑制妊娠失败中母体对胚胎抗原的免疫排斥,又可明显抑制滋养细胞凋亡,并促进其增殖、侵袭与迁移;这二方面分子机制的探讨, 有效验证了环孢素除了常规意义上的抗排异和治疗自身免疫病以外,在反复自然流产等妊娠疾患的治疗方面应用的合理性和有效性。这些结果提示CsA 有可能成为一种新型保胎制剂。

3. 环孢素A用于不明原因反复自然流产(URSA)患者的免疫治疗有着较好的应用前景

反复自然流产是困扰妇产科医师的难题。前些年原因不明复发性流产的治疗,主要采用配偶或供者淋巴细胞主动免疫治疗(ALT)等措施治疗反复自然流产妊娠失败者,主动免疫疗法确有提高母胎免疫耐受,对防治流产的疗效及治疗机理存在很多争议, 同时因技术及操作的复杂性而不能广泛的应用于临床, 迄今为止,对于ALT治疗URSA的适应症仍然存在诸多争论,由于容易造成实验室的交叉感染,可能对患者造成较大的隐患, 目前国内外绝大多数医院已经停用这项治疗技术。而环孢素的应用有效地弥补了这方面治疗手段的缺陷,作为一种新型保胎制剂有着较为积极的意义。

参考文献

1.周雯慧(导师:李大金),环孢素A促进对人早孕期母-胎界面交叉对话的分子机制,复旦大学妇产科学博士论文,2007

2 https://www.haodf.com/neirong/wenzhang/5683120670.html

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    2023-04-26 ms7000001566115987 来自四川省

    神奇

    0

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    2023-04-26 1dea4a7em68(暂无匿称)

    谢谢分享

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128385, encodeId=e5d72128385d0, content=神奇, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ab28651117, createdName=ms7000001566115987, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 09:49:47 CST 2023, time=2023-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128376, encodeId=fd1021283e6e1, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/23/914ab8c212b86139546fc16eed98b36f.jpg, createdBy=90821711402, createdName=1dea4a7em68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 26 09:17:13 CST 2023, time=2023-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128293, encodeId=856d2128293eb, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 20:03:09 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128288, encodeId=5b0d21282887f, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00332233446, createdName=1212ad1cm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 19:56:35 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128274, encodeId=46ea21282e417, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a192e246f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保胎#</a>成功率85%以上,<a href='/topic/show?id=60ff684932f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#环孢霉素A#</a>主要是免疫抑制!<a href='/topic/show?id=b36c652e313' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流产#</a> 在临床上确实值得一试!事实上,除环孢霉素A外,其它的免疫抑制剂同样也是一种选择,如<a href='/topic/show?id=fbd825321ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他克莫司#</a>,<a href='/topic/show?id=73a8988297a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#雷帕霉素#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=614c105968e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#霉酚酸脂#</a>,都值得进行相关研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27246, encryptionId=4a192e246f4, topicName=保胎), TopicDto(id=68493, encryptionId=60ff684932f, topicName=环孢霉素A), TopicDto(id=65273, encryptionId=b36c652e313, topicName=流产), TopicDto(id=25321, encryptionId=fbd825321ba, topicName=他克莫司), TopicDto(id=98829, encryptionId=73a8988297a, topicName=雷帕霉素), TopicDto(id=105968, encryptionId=614c105968e5, topicName=霉酚酸脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 18:33:52 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128273, encodeId=5c0221282e3dd, content=这么神奇吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 18:32:54 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省)]
    2023-04-25 仁术2021 来自吉林省

    不错,学习了。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128385, encodeId=e5d72128385d0, content=神奇, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ab28651117, createdName=ms7000001566115987, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 09:49:47 CST 2023, time=2023-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128376, encodeId=fd1021283e6e1, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/23/914ab8c212b86139546fc16eed98b36f.jpg, createdBy=90821711402, createdName=1dea4a7em68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 26 09:17:13 CST 2023, time=2023-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128293, encodeId=856d2128293eb, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 20:03:09 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128288, encodeId=5b0d21282887f, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00332233446, createdName=1212ad1cm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 19:56:35 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128274, encodeId=46ea21282e417, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a192e246f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保胎#</a>成功率85%以上,<a href='/topic/show?id=60ff684932f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#环孢霉素A#</a>主要是免疫抑制!<a href='/topic/show?id=b36c652e313' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流产#</a> 在临床上确实值得一试!事实上,除环孢霉素A外,其它的免疫抑制剂同样也是一种选择,如<a href='/topic/show?id=fbd825321ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他克莫司#</a>,<a href='/topic/show?id=73a8988297a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#雷帕霉素#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=614c105968e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#霉酚酸脂#</a>,都值得进行相关研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27246, encryptionId=4a192e246f4, topicName=保胎), TopicDto(id=68493, encryptionId=60ff684932f, topicName=环孢霉素A), TopicDto(id=65273, encryptionId=b36c652e313, topicName=流产), TopicDto(id=25321, encryptionId=fbd825321ba, topicName=他克莫司), TopicDto(id=98829, encryptionId=73a8988297a, topicName=雷帕霉素), TopicDto(id=105968, encryptionId=614c105968e5, topicName=霉酚酸脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 18:33:52 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128273, encodeId=5c0221282e3dd, content=这么神奇吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 18:32:54 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省)]
    2023-04-25 1212ad1cm87暂无昵称

    不错,学习了。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128385, encodeId=e5d72128385d0, content=神奇, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8ab28651117, createdName=ms7000001566115987, createdTime=Wed Apr 26 09:49:47 CST 2023, time=2023-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=四川省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128376, encodeId=fd1021283e6e1, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/02/23/914ab8c212b86139546fc16eed98b36f.jpg, createdBy=90821711402, createdName=1dea4a7em68(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Apr 26 09:17:13 CST 2023, time=2023-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128293, encodeId=856d2128293eb, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 20:03:09 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128288, encodeId=5b0d21282887f, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00332233446, createdName=1212ad1cm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 19:56:35 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128274, encodeId=46ea21282e417, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a192e246f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保胎#</a>成功率85%以上,<a href='/topic/show?id=60ff684932f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#环孢霉素A#</a>主要是免疫抑制!<a href='/topic/show?id=b36c652e313' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流产#</a> 在临床上确实值得一试!事实上,除环孢霉素A外,其它的免疫抑制剂同样也是一种选择,如<a href='/topic/show?id=fbd825321ba' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他克莫司#</a>,<a href='/topic/show?id=73a8988297a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#雷帕霉素#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=614c105968e5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#霉酚酸脂#</a>,都值得进行相关研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27246, encryptionId=4a192e246f4, topicName=保胎), TopicDto(id=68493, encryptionId=60ff684932f, topicName=环孢霉素A), TopicDto(id=65273, encryptionId=b36c652e313, topicName=流产), TopicDto(id=25321, encryptionId=fbd825321ba, topicName=他克莫司), TopicDto(id=98829, encryptionId=73a8988297a, topicName=雷帕霉素), TopicDto(id=105968, encryptionId=614c105968e5, topicName=霉酚酸脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=侠胆医心, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 18:33:52 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2128273, encodeId=5c0221282e3dd, content=这么神奇吗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2d114843943, createdName=1013100771, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 18:32:54 CST 2023, time=2023-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省)]
    2023-04-25 侠胆医心 来自浙江省

    #保胎#成功率85%以上,#环孢霉素A#主要是免疫抑制!#流产# 在临床上确实值得一试!事实上,除环孢霉素A外,其它的免疫抑制剂同样也是一种选择,如#他克莫司##雷帕霉素##霉酚酸脂#,都值得进行相关研究。

    1

    展开1条回复
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    2023-04-25 1013100771 来自山东省

    这么神奇吗

    0

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