34大神经科常用药有哪些存在禁忌?

2022-04-23 网络 网络

这些难点你都记住了吗?

1. 氟哌啶醇

 

心脏病患者慎用,因较大剂量可能会导致恶性神经阻滞综合症。

 

2. 石杉碱甲

 

禁用于哮喘。

 

3. 喹诺酮类

 

癫痫患者慎用,因此类药物有可能引起癫痫发作。

 

4. ACEI类降压药

 

高血压脑病或 RPLS 患者慎用,因其高血压有可能为肾动脉狭窄所致。

 

5. 血管药物

 

慎用于脑梗死急性期,血压降低后引起大脑灌注不足,颅内血管扩张加重颅高压。

 

6. 阿司匹林

 

高尿酸血症的缺血性脑血管病患者慎用;大面积脑梗死早期慎用。

 

7. 泰能

 

癫痫患者慎用,可以用倍能替代。

 

8. 奥力保克、西比灵

 

不宜用于 PD 病人,加重锥体外系症状。

 

9. 氯丙嗪

 

老年病人以及一般状况差的病人慎用,会引起血压下降,特别是静推时应更加慎用。

 

10. 硝酸甘油

 

血管病急性期应用可能诱发再出血;许多神经科的病人用了硝酸甘油以后剧烈头痛。

 

11. 胞二磷胆碱

 

脑出血急性期禁用。

 

12. 甘露醇

 

脑室外引流后一般不用;血尿患者慎用。

 

13. 依达拉奉

 

肾功能差者禁用。

 

14. 维生素 B6

 

帕金森病人应用左旋多巴者慎用,会使外周脱羧作用增强,增加外周副作用,减少中枢神经的作用;结核性脑膜炎应用异烟肼的病人需用维生素 B6 时要少于常规用量,否则会减弱异烟肼的效果。

 

15. 维生素 B12

 

隐球菌脑膜炎的病人慎用,会促进隐球菌生长;肿瘤的病人慎用,会促进肿瘤生长。

 

16. 神经营养类药物 (ATP)

 

心动过缓及癫痫患者慎用。

 

图片

 

17. 速尿

 

低钾血症患者慎用。

 

18. 丙戊酸钠或丙戊酸镁

 

肝功能不全的癫痫患者慎用,可以用咪达唑仑、异丙酚。

 

19. 安定

 

呼吸衰竭的癫痫患者慎用,肝性脑病忌用,可抑制呼吸,可以用丙戊酸钠或丙戊酸镁或苯妥因钠。

 

20. 溴隐亭片

 

有冠心病及其他严重的心血管疾病患者、有脑血管意外、动脉阻塞性疾病患者禁用。

 

21. 左旋多巴片

 

严重心律失常、心力衰竭、青光眼、消化性溃疡和有惊厥史者禁用。

 

22. 金刚烷胺

 

患中枢神经系统疾病患者忌用,可引起幻觉神经紊乱,特别是老年患者。

 

23. 息宁

 

闭角型青光眼, 因左旋多巴可能激活恶性黑色素瘤,疑有皮肤癌或黑色素瘤病史的病人禁用。

 

24. 氨基糖甙类和克林霉素

 

低钾性周期麻痹患者慎用。

 

25. 头孢菌素类(特别是第一代头孢菌素)

 

不可与高效利尿药(如速尿)联合应用,防止发生严重的肾损害。

 

26. 替硝唑

 

禁用于中枢系统疾病急性期。

 

27. 美洛培南

 

癫痫病人用丙戊酸钠,合并肺感染时,会削弱各自的作用。

 

28. 二甲双胍

 

糖尿病酮症、糖尿病肾病患者需禁用。

 

29. 安坦

 

帕金森病 70 岁以上或存在认知障碍的患者禁用,可能加重认知障碍。

 

30. 他汀类药物

 

可引起横纹肌溶解症,患者出现肌痛、肌无力,肌酸激酶明显升高时,应及时停药。

 

31. 美多巴及泰舒达

 

禁用于有精神症状的患者,其有诱发精神症状的副作用。

 

32. 地塞米松

 

糖尿病合并脑梗塞患者忌用地塞米松脱水。

 

33. 脑神经生长因子

 

肿瘤患者禁用。

 

34. 苯海索

 

孕妇及哺乳妇女、儿童及老年患者慎用,青光眼、尿潴留、前列腺肥大患者禁用。

 

来源:神经时间

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    2022-04-24 ms3000001776150600

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    2022-04-24 学医无涯

    学习一下

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