合理选择EGFR-TKI,优化EGFR突变晚期NSCLC全程管理

2017-06-12 佚名 肿瘤资讯

EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC患者,目前的标准一线治疗方案为EGFR-TKI,临床可选择的药物包括:吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼和阿法替尼。随着2017ASCO最新公布的ARCHER1050研究和今年计划公布的FLAURA研究,未来二代EGFR-TKI Dacomitinib和三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼是否会进军一线治疗?对于EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC,我们该如何合理选择 一线治疗药物,并实现最

EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC患者,目前的标准一线治疗方案为EGFR-TKI,临床可选择的药物包括:吉非替尼、厄洛替尼、埃克替尼和阿法替尼。随着2017ASCO最新公布的ARCHER1050研究和今年计划公布的FLAURA研究,未来二代EGFR-TKI Dacomitinib和三代EGFR-TKI奥希替尼是否会进军一线治疗?对于EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC,我们该如何合理选择 一线治疗药物,并实现最优化全程管理呢?

一代EGFR-TKI:十年验证,效价比高

一代EGFR-TKIs开启了晚期NSCLC靶向治疗的新篇章,自IPASS研究开始,多项Ⅲ期临床试验证实,一代EGFR-TKIs 对于EGFR突变晚期NSCLC疗效确切,中位PFS为9-13个月,安全性和耐受性良好。作为首个被证实在EGFR突变人群中疗效优于化疗的TKI药物,吉非替尼在华上市12年来,帮助中国晚期肺腺癌患者的总生存从14.1月提高到33.5月。随着2017年2月吉非替尼纳入全国医保乙类目录,价格可及性增强,吉非替尼将帮助更多肺癌患者提高临床获益。关于一代EGFR-TKI之间对比,CTONG0901等研究显示,厄洛替尼与吉非替尼在疗效和安全性方面无显着差异。

二代EGFR-TKI:疗效与副作用的博弈

2017 ASCO大会上公布的ARCHER 1050研究,是首个头对头比较二代EGFR-TKI Dacomitinib和吉非替尼一线治疗EGFR突变晚期NSCLC的Ⅲ期临床试验。
结果显示, Dacomitinib 较吉非替尼PFS延长, ORR无差异(74.9% vs 71.6%),目前OS数据尚未成熟。Dacomitinib组3度及以上不良反应发生率较高,如皮疹(13.7%),腹泻(8.8%),甲沟炎(7.5%),其中有1例腹泻患者死亡。

此外,Dacomitinib组有66%患者需进行剂量调整,吉非替尼组剂量调整比例仅为8%。患者报告的生活质量方面,两组症状改善相似,Global QoL 吉非替尼组有显着优势。

ARCHER 1050首次证实了Dacomitinib较一代药物(吉非替尼)在PFS上有优势,但Dacomitinib是否会成为一线治疗的优选?我们仍需理性看待。第一,Dacomitinib 副作用大,患者耐受性差,需进行剂量调整的患者比例高。主要研究者Tony Mok教授在报告中指出,在观察到PFS获益的同时,应该留意其副作用。美国宾夕法尼亚大学的Yanis Boumber点评时也提出“尽管这一结果鼓舞人心,但其显着副作用在一定程度上降低了其吸引力,在为这类患者作出最佳选择时要慎重”。第二,Dacomitinib用于 CNS转移患者的疗效尚不明确,ARCHER 1050研究入组人群排除了脑转移的患者(不确定Dacomitinib血脑屏障的透过能力),而EGFR突变型患者CNS转移发生率较高,这类患者亟需有效的治疗手段。第三,目前该研究的OS数据还未公布,PFS上的获益能否最终转化为OS,答案未知。最后, Dacomitinib耐药分子机制还不明确,耐药后T790M比例及后续治疗策略尚需探索。

另一个二代EGFR-TKI阿法替尼,目前已获批用于EGFR敏感突变型晚期NSCLC一线治疗。在阿法替尼对比吉非替尼一线治疗EGFR敏感突变NSCLC的IIb期研究(LUX-Lung7)中,两组中位PFS分别为11.0 月vs 10.9月。两个药物对比来看,阿法替尼与Dacomitinib虽同为二代EGFR-TKI,两者不良反应相似,但PFS差异明显,阿法替尼一线治疗中位PFS在11个月左右(Lux-Lung 3和Lux-Lung 6), 低于Dacomitinib 14.7个月。同样观察到,ARCHE1050研究中,Dacomitinib在第5个月时PFS曲线分开;而Lux-Lung 7研究中,阿法替尼与吉非替尼的PFS曲线在第12个月时从分开。

三代EGFR-TKI:有望进军一线治疗

奥希替尼是新一代不可逆性EGFR-TKI,选择性作用于EGFR 敏感突变和T790M耐药突变。2017年3月奥希替尼获CFDA批准用于EGFR-TKI治疗后进展,T790M突变的局部晚期或转移性NSCLC治疗。III期临床AURA3研究显示,奥希替尼中位PFS优于化疗(10.1m vs. 4.4m),是EGFR-TKI耐药后T790M阳性患者的的标准治疗。2017ASCO会议公布的AURA3脑转移亚组显示,奥希替尼对脑转移也有很好的疗效,奥希替尼组CNS的ORR为70%,而化疗组仅为31%。BLOOM研究显示, EGFR突变型NSCLC 软脑膜转移患者,奥希替尼ORR达43%。本研究目前仍在继续进行,期待奥希替尼为CNS转移患者带来更多获益。

2016年ELCC公布了AURA研究中60例一线治疗患者的数据, 奥希替尼一线治疗中位PFS达19.3 月,展现了奥希替尼一线治疗令人期待的前景。目前奥希替尼对比一代EGFR-TKI一线治疗EGFR突变晚期NSCLC的III期研究(FLAURA)已完成入组,期待今年大会结果公布。基于奥希替尼既往一线治疗的良好数据,和其在CNS转移上的优势,大会点评专家言论预测,未来奥希替尼有望进入一线治疗,为患者带来更优的治疗方案。

优化EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC的全程管理

随着ARCHER 1050研究结果的公布,Dacomitib有望提供新的一线治疗提选择,未来EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC患者一线治疗,应如何进行优化选择?首先,应兼顾药物的疗效和安全性;其次,综合评估药物的效价比,患者利益和价值需求,及治疗成本等等。此外,从全程管理的角度出发,考虑到患者耐药后的治疗选择,以OS延长为最终目标。 未来FLAURA研究数据公布,奥希替尼有可能成功进入一线治疗领域,定义新的治疗格局。

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    2017-06-15 日月生辉

    靶向治药物越来越多,各代药物各有特色,选择时需注意!

    0

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    2017-06-14 lsj628
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    2017-06-14 liuyiping

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