Nat Biotechnol:小鼠研究:干细胞治愈1型糖尿病有望成真

2020-03-16 国际糖尿病 idiabetes

一项新的研究使用一种创新技术,更有效地将人类干细胞转化为产生胰岛素的β细胞。这种β细胞“迅速”治愈了小鼠的1型糖尿病,且效果持续了9个月。

一项新的研究使用一种创新技术,更有效地将人类干细胞转化为产生胰岛素的β细胞。这种β细胞“迅速”治愈了小鼠的1型糖尿病,且效果持续了9个月。

1型糖尿病时,自身免疫反应的缺陷导致免疫系统攻击和破坏胰腺内产生胰岛素的β细胞。既往研究已指出,人类多能干细胞(hPSCs)是治疗1型糖尿病的一种潜在途径[1]。从治疗角度来看,PSCs对研究人员来说是一种有吸引力的选择,因为它们可以在实验室培养并分化成多种细胞类型。

研究人员曾使用hPSCs制造β细胞。然而,它们并不能有效地治疗1型糖尿病。华盛顿大学医学院医学和生物医学工程助理教授Jeffrey R. Millman博士牵头的一项新研究则成功克服了之前的障碍[2]。他说,当人们试图将人类干细胞转化成β细胞或者神经元或心脏细胞时,一个常见问题是还会产生其他不想要的细胞。

以β细胞为例,我们可能会得到其他类型的胰腺细胞或肝细胞。虽然植入这些不必要的或偏离目标的细胞不会造成任何伤害,但制造更多这样的细胞会减少治疗上有用的细胞数量。获得偏离目标的细胞越多,拥有与治疗相关的细胞就越少。比如,你需要大约10亿个细胞来治疗一例糖尿病患者,但如果制造的细胞中有1/4实际上是肝细胞或其他胰腺细胞,那么就需要12.5亿个细胞而不是10亿个细胞,这使得治愈这种疾病难度增加了25%。然而,这项新研究使用的一种创新技术绕过了这个问题,研究结果发表在Nature Biotechnology杂志上。

一种尖端的干细胞技术

这项新技术针对的是hPSC的细胞骨架或内部“支架”,以引导它们分化成胰腺细胞。细胞骨架是一种结构,帮助细胞保持形状,并提供机械支持,让细胞移动、分裂和增殖。针对这种结构,研究人员可以制造更少的无关细胞和更好的β细胞,帮助控制血糖。

Millman解释了这种方法的创新之处,他说这是一种完全不同的方法,以前人们会识别各种蛋白质和因子,然后将其散布在细胞上,看看会发生什么。随着我们对信号有了更好的理解,这个过程已经变得不那么随机。

干细胞“迅速治愈”严重糖尿病

Millman及其团队将从hPSC中分化出来的β细胞移植到1型糖尿病小鼠体内。这种移植“迅速逆转了小鼠严重的糖尿病”。逆转发生速度与人类胰岛相似,正常血糖控制至少维持了9个月。

Millman表示,他们能够制造出更多的β细胞,这些细胞在小鼠体内的功能更好,其中一些小鼠治愈长达1年多。这些小鼠有非常严重的糖尿病,血糖高于500 mg/dl,这种程度对人类来说可能是致命的。当他们给小鼠移植β细胞后,小鼠2周内恢复正常血糖水平并持续数月。

然而,研究者也解释,在这项研究能够帮助人类之前,还有几步需要完成。首先,研究人员必须在体型更大的动物实验中测试这些细胞,然后找到一种使新技术自动化的方法,从而为数以百万计的1型糖尿病患者制造所需的数十亿细胞。

原始出处:
Hogrebe NJ, et al. Targeting the cytoskeleton to direct pancreatic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2020; 10.1038/s41587-020-0430-6. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0430-6

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    2021-01-22 sunylz
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    2021-01-30 shock_melon
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    2020-05-06 liye789132251
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    2020-10-14 ms2000000624889280

    提这么多年就没有临床的成果

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919018, encodeId=f9af191901829, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Jan 22 20:05:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652407, encodeId=6513165240efb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 21:05:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884165, encodeId=5956188416541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed May 06 02:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=891971, encodeId=f7f08919e1e6, content=提这么多年就没有临床的成果, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10535425256, createdName=ms2000000624889280, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 11:44:26 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=383059, encodeId=f6dc383059f1, content=希望早日实现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76cf5325122, createdName=148b8aeam20(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat May 23 01:19:30 CST 2020, time=2020-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927732, encodeId=3eb3192e73209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Thu Apr 16 02:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025414, encodeId=7d731025414f6, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Thu Mar 19 20:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043005, encodeId=71cf104300589, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 23:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-05-23 148b8aeam20(暂无昵称)

    希望早日实现

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919018, encodeId=f9af191901829, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Jan 22 20:05:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652407, encodeId=6513165240efb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 21:05:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884165, encodeId=5956188416541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed May 06 02:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=891971, encodeId=f7f08919e1e6, content=提这么多年就没有临床的成果, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10535425256, createdName=ms2000000624889280, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 11:44:26 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=383059, encodeId=f6dc383059f1, content=希望早日实现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76cf5325122, createdName=148b8aeam20(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat May 23 01:19:30 CST 2020, time=2020-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927732, encodeId=3eb3192e73209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Thu Apr 16 02:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025414, encodeId=7d731025414f6, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Thu Mar 19 20:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043005, encodeId=71cf104300589, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 23:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-16 cathymary
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1919018, encodeId=f9af191901829, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Jan 22 20:05:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652407, encodeId=6513165240efb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Sat Jan 30 21:05:40 CST 2021, time=2021-01-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884165, encodeId=5956188416541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed May 06 02:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-05-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=891971, encodeId=f7f08919e1e6, content=提这么多年就没有临床的成果, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10535425256, createdName=ms2000000624889280, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 11:44:26 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=383059, encodeId=f6dc383059f1, content=希望早日实现, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76cf5325122, createdName=148b8aeam20(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat May 23 01:19:30 CST 2020, time=2020-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927732, encodeId=3eb3192e73209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Thu Apr 16 02:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-04-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1025414, encodeId=7d731025414f6, content=干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=独孤立克, createdTime=Thu Mar 19 20:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-03-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1043005, encodeId=71cf104300589, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 23:05:40 CST 2020, time=2020-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-03-19 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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    2020-03-16 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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